ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are preparing to intubate an unconscious closed head injury patient with an increased intracranial pressure due to respiratory insufficiency and inability to control his airway. Concern at an additional increase in intracranial pressure prompts you to consider the intravenous administration of which of the following prior to an intubation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is administered prior to intubation in closed head injury patients with increased intracranial pressure to prevent further increase in ICP caused by laryngoscopy and intubation-induced sympathetic response. Lidocaine inhibits the intracranial hypertension response by blocking the sympathetic surge associated with laryngoscopy. Diazepam and Lorazepam are sedatives and do not directly address the concern of increased ICP. Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic drug and not indicated in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
To combat increasing ICP in a head injury, the body utilizes this principle:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monro-Kellie Principle. This principle states that the total intracranial volume is constant, and an increase in one component (e.g., blood, CSF, brain tissue) must be compensated by a decrease in another to maintain a stable intracranial pressure (ICP). This helps to prevent dangerous elevations in ICP, which is crucial in managing head injuries. B: Bernicke Principle is not relevant to intracranial pressure regulation. C: Fick Principle is related to cardiac output and oxygen consumption, not intracranial pressure. D: Bernoulli's Principle is about fluid dynamics, not intracranial pressure regulation.
Question 3 of 5
You are on the scene of a vehicle accident with entrapment. Why is it so important to ensure the battery has been disconnected before attempting to enter the vehicle or extricate the driver?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To ensure any undeployed airbags do not discharge and cause an injury to the patient or anyone involved. When a vehicle's battery is not disconnected before attempting to enter or extricate a driver, there is a risk that any undeployed airbags may still be active and could suddenly inflate, potentially causing harm to the patient or anyone involved in the extrication process. Disconnecting the battery eliminates the power source for the airbags, reducing the risk of unintended deployment. Choice A is incorrect because disconnecting the battery is not primarily done to prevent the vehicle from moving during extrication; other safety measures are in place for that purpose. Choice C is incorrect as the risk of electrocution is minimal if proper extrication procedures are followed. Choice D is incorrect because while a fire is a concern in vehicle accidents, disconnecting the battery is not specifically related to preventing fires in the passenger compartment during extrication.
Question 4 of 5
Principle of triage for 27 seriously injured in an aircraft accident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option D is correct: 1. Triage aims to maximize survivors with available resources. 2. Option D prioritizes producing the greatest number of survivors. 3. It aligns with the principle of maximizing outcomes in mass casualty situations. 4. Focusing on maximizing survivors helps allocate resources efficiently. 5. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not prioritize maximizing survivors and efficient resource utilization.
Question 5 of 5
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. Hypocarbia leads to vasoconstriction in cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow and potentially worsening brain injury. Respiratory alkalosis (A) is a consequence of hypocarbia but not the main concern. Metabolic acidosis (C) is not related to hypocarbia. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (D) is not directly caused by hypocarbia in traumatic brain injury.