You are planning discharge education for your client who has a new colostomy. Which complication of a colostomy should you educate this client about?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of discharge education for a client with a new colostomy, it is crucial to educate them about potential complications to ensure they can manage their condition effectively. The correct answer is A) A prolapsed stoma. A prolapsed stoma occurs when the stoma protrudes significantly from the abdominal wall, leading to complications such as impaired blood flow, pain, and potential necrosis. This complication requires immediate medical attention to prevent further health issues. Option B) A vitamin B12 deficiency is not a direct complication of a colostomy but can occur in individuals with malabsorption issues related to gastrointestinal surgeries. While important to monitor, it is not the most immediate concern for a new colostomy patient. Option C) Nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, is unrelated to a colostomy and is not a typical complication associated with this procedure. Option D) Gallstone formation (GL stone formation) is not directly associated with a colostomy. Gallstones typically form in the gallbladder and are not a common complication of a colostomy. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of a colostomy empowers patients to recognize warning signs early and seek appropriate medical care. Providing this knowledge equips patients to take an active role in their care and promotes better outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Ask the nurse to use the vastus lateralis muscle instead of the gluteus maximus. Administering an intramuscular injection in the gluteus maximus can be risky due to its proximity to major nerves and blood vessels, which could result in injury or complications for the client. The vastus lateralis muscle, located in the thigh, is a safer and more easily accessible site for administering IM injections in adults. Option A, allowing the nurse to administer the injection in the gluteus maximus, is incorrect as it poses potential risks to the client. Option C, asking the nurse to verify the doctor's order again, is not directly related to the safe administration of the injection. Option D, stopping the nurse from administering the injection, is necessary if the nurse persists on using the incorrect site. In an educational context, it is crucial to prioritize patient safety and ensure that nursing students understand the importance of proper injection techniques. Teaching new graduate nurses about safe injection sites and techniques will help prevent errors and promote optimal patient care. Encouraging critical thinking and adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines is essential in nursing education.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Freud. Sigmund Freud, a renowned psychologist, established the id, ego, and superego theory as part of his psychoanalytic approach to understanding human behavior. In this theory, he proposed that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id (our primal instincts and desires), the ego (our conscious self that balances the id and superego), and the superego (our moral compass). Option B) Horney is incorrect because Karen Horney was a prominent psychoanalyst known for her theories on neurosis and personality development, but she did not develop the id, ego, and superego theory. Option C) Skinner is incorrect because B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who focused on operant conditioning and behavior modification, which is a different psychological perspective than Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Option D) Pavlov is incorrect because Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist known for his research on classical conditioning, which is also a different psychological concept unrelated to Freud's id, ego, and superego theory. In an educational context, understanding the id, ego, and superego theory is crucial for nursing students practicing family-centered care. It provides insights into how individuals' unconscious drives, conscious thoughts, and moral values influence their behaviors and interactions within the family system. This knowledge can help nurses better comprehend and support families facing complex health challenges by recognizing the various psychological factors at play.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Inconsistent explanations about the details of the falls, which would lead to suspicion of elder abuse. This is because inconsistencies in the caregiver's explanations may indicate deception or attempts to cover up the true cause of the injuries, raising concerns about abuse or neglect. Option B) The patient telling you she doesn't like the caregiver is not a definitive indicator of abuse. It could be due to personal conflicts or issues unrelated to abuse. Option C) The patient crying when her daughter arrives could be a sign of emotional distress or a strained relationship but does not necessarily indicate abuse. Option D) The patient having a UTI is not directly related to the suspicion of elder abuse. While UTIs can affect behavior, they are not a specific indicator of abuse. In an educational context, it's crucial for nurses to be vigilant in recognizing signs of elder abuse. Inconsistencies in explanations, unexplained injuries, changes in behavior, and fear of a specific caregiver are all red flags that should prompt further investigation and appropriate intervention to protect vulnerable older adults. Nurses play a vital role in advocating for the safety and well-being of their older patients, especially those who may be experiencing abuse or neglect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Bereavement overload. This term refers to the accumulation of multiple losses that an individual experiences within a short period of time. In the case of Anna, being 72 years old, she is at an age where she may have encountered various losses such as the passing of loved ones, declining health, or changes in social support networks. These cumulative losses can overwhelm a person's ability to cope effectively, leading to bereavement overload. Option B) Normal mourning is incorrect because it refers to the natural process of grieving and adapting to a loss, which may not apply in the scenario of multiple losses occurring close together. Option C) Isolation is incorrect as it pertains to a state of being alone or separated from others, which is not specifically related to the experience of multiple losses. Option D) Cultural relativity is incorrect as it refers to the idea that behaviors and norms are understood and evaluated within the context of one's culture, which is not directly related to the scenario presented. Understanding bereavement overload is crucial in nursing practice, especially in the context of providing care to older adults like Anna. Nurses need to be able to recognize the signs of bereavement overload, provide appropriate support, and help individuals navigate through their grief process effectively. By knowing this concept, nurses can offer holistic and family-centered care to individuals experiencing multiple losses, promoting their overall well-being and mental health.