You are on-scene with a patient suspected of taking a large amount of meperidine hydrochloride. Which of the following interventions may be effective in reversing the adverse effects of the ingested medication?

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Quizlet Patient-Centered Care UNMC Addiction Practice Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

You are on-scene with a patient suspected of taking a large amount of meperidine hydrochloride. Which of the following interventions may be effective in reversing the adverse effects of the ingested medication?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Naloxone. Meperidine is an opioid, and naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse opioid overdose effects. Step 1: Identify the ingested substance (meperidine is an opioid). Step 2: Choose the appropriate antidote (naloxone for opioid overdose). Step 3: Administer naloxone to reverse respiratory depression and other opioid effects. Activated charcoal (A) is used to absorb toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, not opioids. Atropine (B) is an anticholinergic drug used for bradycardia and not effective for opioid overdose. Romazicon (C) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and not used for opioid overdose reversal.

Question 2 of 5

To establish a diagnosis of shock, which is true?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Clinical evidence of inadequate organ perfusion must be present to establish a diagnosis of shock. This is because shock is characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion leading to organ dysfunction. It is a state of systemic hypoperfusion resulting in cellular and metabolic imbalances. A is incorrect because a specific systolic blood pressure cutoff alone is not sufficient to diagnose shock. B is incorrect as the presence of a closed head injury is not a requirement for diagnosing shock. D is incorrect because a lack of response to intravenous fluid infusion is not the sole criteria for diagnosing shock.

Question 3 of 5

A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the ED he is diaphoretic and complaining of chest pain. His BP is 60/40mmHg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute. Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the cause of his hypotension?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breath sounds. In cardiac tamponade, there may be muffled heart sounds and distant or absent breath sounds due to the accumulation of fluid around the heart, compressing the lungs. This differentiates it from tension pneumothorax, where there is hyperresonance to percussion and decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side. A: Tachycardia is a common feature of both cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax, so it does not differentiate between the two conditions. B: Pulse volume may be decreased in both cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax, so it is not the best differentiator. D: Pulse pressure may be narrowed in both conditions, so it is not the most specific differentiating factor.

Question 4 of 5

A 32-year-old man’s right leg is trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly two hours. Which of the following is most likely to improve chances for limb salvage?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Performing lower extremity fasciotomies is the correct choice in this scenario because the prolonged entrapment of the leg can lead to compartment syndrome, a condition where increased pressure within the muscles compromises blood flow, risking limb loss. Fasciotomies involve making incisions to release the pressure and restore circulation, thus improving chances of limb salvage. Applying skeletal traction (A) may help stabilize the leg but won't address the underlying issue of compromised blood flow. Administering anticoagulant drugs (B) is not directly relevant to the treatment of compartment syndrome. Administering thrombolytic therapy (C) is used for dissolving blood clots and is not indicated in this case.

Question 5 of 5

A 22 year old male is assaulted in a bar. A semi-rigid cervical collar is applied and he is immobilized on a spine boar On initial examination, his vital signs are normal, and his GCS is 15. Which of the following is an indication for CT in this patient with possible minor traumatic brain injury?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Presence of hemotympanum. Hemotympanum is a significant finding that suggests a basilar skull fracture, which can lead to intracranial injury. CT is indicated to assess for potential brain injury in this case, despite the patient's initial normal vital signs and GCS score. A: Blood alcohol concentration is not an indication for CT in this scenario unless it affects the patient's mental status. B: An isolated scalp laceration does not necessarily indicate a need for CT unless there is suspicion of underlying skull fracture. C: A mandibular fracture is not directly related to the need for CT in this case, as it primarily affects the facial bones.

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