ATI RN
Nursing Practice Questions for Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are on call at the delivery room, a newly delivered newborn presented to you with pallor, irregular respiration, and bradycardia; after initial resuscitation (warming, drying, and stimulation), heart rate still less than 100/min. Of the following, the NEXT step in management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Per NRP guidelines, if heart rate remains <100/min after initial steps, positive pressure ventilation (E) is next to improve oxygenation, before naloxone (A), epinephrine (B), intubation (C), or massage (D).
Question 2 of 5
A 3-month-old infant present with history of low birth weight, early-onset jaundice, and seizures; on examination there are hepatosplenomegaly and hydrocephalus; skull films reveal diffuse cortical calcifications. Of the following, the primary method of diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital infection (likely toxoplasmosis) with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and calcifications is best diagnosed by serology (D, IgM/IgG), more definitive than PCR (A), culture (B), CT (C), or CSF (E) alone.
Question 3 of 5
The MOST common congenital infection and the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CMV (C) is the most prevalent congenital infection and top cause of sensorineural hearing loss, affecting ~1% of newborns, per CDC data.
Question 4 of 5
The treatment of choice for neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acyclovir (C) is the standard treatment for neonatal HSV, reducing morbidity and mortality, unlike observation (A), vaccination (B, none exists), IVIG (D), or ganciclovir (E, for CMV).
Question 5 of 5
In neonatal sepsis, the infection may be acquired through the transplacental or transcervical routes or through ascending infection. Of the following, the organism that is acquired by transplacental route is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Listeria (E) is uniquely acquired transplacentally, causing early-onset sepsis, unlike others (A, B, C, D) typically from birth canal or postnatal sources.