ATI RN
Basic Care Needs of Patients Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are monitoring the cardiac rhythm of your 60-year-old female patient with shortness of breath when you note the presence of a possible first-degree atrioventricular block in lead II on the EKG. Which of the following electrocardiogram abnormalities makes you think there is a first-degree AV block present?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A P-R interval greater than five small boxes (0.20 seconds) wide on the electrocardiogram tracing. In first-degree AV block, there is a delay in conduction from the atria to the ventricles, resulting in a prolonged P-R interval on the EKG. This delay is represented by a P-R interval greater than 0.20 seconds. This finding is characteristic of first-degree AV block. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: There are more than one P wave for each QRS complex - This describes a condition called atrial fibrillation, where multiple P waves are present but not associated with QRS complexes. C: The P-R intervals become progressively longer until a QRS complex is dropped altogether - This describes a Mobitz Type II second-degree AV block, where there is a sudden block of conduction without a progressive increase in P-R intervals. D: The P waves are present but
Question 2 of 5
Negligence is divided into three categories. Which of the following is not one of the categories?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Milfeasance. Negligence is divided into three categories: malfeasance (performing an act that is wrongful), misfeasance (performing a lawful act in a wrongful manner), and nonfeasance (failing to perform a required duty). "Milfeasance" is not a recognized term in negligence law and does not fit into any of the established categories. Therefore, it is not a valid category of negligence. Malfeasance, misfeasance, and nonfeasance are the only recognized categories in negligence law.
Question 3 of 5
A 42-year-old man is trapped beneath his overturned tractor for hours. He is unconscious and shows no movement in his lower extremities. The most likely cause for this finding is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Central cord syndrome. This syndrome is typically caused by hyperextension injuries in older individuals, resulting in motor weakness and sensory loss, often more pronounced in the upper extremities. In this case, the man's prolonged unconsciousness and lack of lower extremity movement fit the clinical presentation of central cord syndrome due to the mechanism of injury. The other choices are less likely as an epidural hematoma would present with focal neurological deficits, a pelvic fracture with lower extremity symptoms but not unconsciousness, and intracerebral hemorrhage with altered mental status and focal neurological deficits.
Question 4 of 5
Early central venous pressure monitoring during fluid resuscitation in the ED has the greatest utility in a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, a patient with a severe cardiac contusion. Central venous pressure monitoring is essential for assessing fluid status and cardiac function in patients with significant cardiac injuries. Monitoring CVP can guide fluid resuscitation and help optimize cardiac output in these patients. Choice A, a patient with a splenic laceration, does not typically require CVP monitoring as the focus is on managing bleeding and hemodynamic stability. Choice B, a patient with an inhalation injury, would benefit more from oxygenation monitoring and respiratory support rather than CVP monitoring. Choice C, a 6-year-old child with a pelvic fracture, may require monitoring for hypovolemic shock but not necessarily through CVP monitoring, which is more invasive and not typically indicated in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A four-year-old girl, weighing approximately 20kg is admitted in shock after an automobile crash. The initial fluid challenge or bolus should consist of Ringers lactate solution in the volume of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 400ml. In pediatric resuscitation, the initial fluid bolus is usually calculated based on weight. The standard recommendation is to give 20ml/kg of Ringers lactate solution in shock. In this case, the girl weighs 20kg, so 20 x 20 = 400ml. This volume helps to restore intravascular volume and improve perfusion. Choice A (200ml) is insufficient for her weight, C (440ml) is slightly excessive, and D (600ml) is too much and could lead to fluid overload and potential complications.