You are following a 6-year-old boy with autism, he is under structured psychosocial behavioral training program, there is frequent complains of aggression and self-injurious behavior. Of the following, the BEST medication to control his behavior is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the best medication to control the behavior of a 6-year-old boy with autism who exhibits aggression and self-injurious behavior is option B) risperidone. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication commonly used to manage irritability, aggression, and self-injurious behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. It helps to stabilize mood and reduce impulsive behaviors, making it an effective choice in this situation. Option A) methylphenidate is a stimulant commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but is not the best choice for managing aggression and self-injurious behaviors in autism. Option C) escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, not typically indicated for managing behavioral issues in autism. Option D) atomoxetine is a non-stimulant used to treat ADHD and is not the first-line choice for addressing the behavioral challenges described in the scenario. In an educational context, understanding the pharmacological management of behavioral issues in children with autism is crucial for pediatric nurses. Risperidone's effectiveness, side effects, dosing considerations, and monitoring parameters should be thoroughly understood to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder. It is essential for healthcare providers to stay updated on evidence-based practices to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the etiology of seizures in newborns is crucial for effective care and intervention. Seizures beginning in the delivery room or shortly after birth may be indicative of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), making option A the correct answer. HIE occurs due to inadequate oxygen and blood supply to the brain, often resulting from perinatal asphyxia during labor or delivery. This lack of oxygen can lead to brain injury and subsequent seizures in newborns. It is essential for pediatric nurses to recognize the signs of HIE early to initiate prompt treatment and prevent further neurological damage. Options B, C, and D can be ruled out in this scenario: - Unintentional injection of maternal local anesthetic into the fetus (Option B) is a rare occurrence and not a common cause of early-onset seizures. - Intracranial hemorrhage (Option C) typically presents with different clinical signs and symptoms, such as altered level of consciousness or focal neurological deficits, rather than isolated seizures. - Hypoglycemia (Option D) can cause seizures in neonates, but it usually manifests slightly later than immediately after birth unless severe and prolonged. By understanding the specific causes of seizures in newborns, pediatric nurses can provide targeted care, closely monitor for complications, and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, the administration of antenatal corticosteroids to women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation is a crucial intervention to enhance fetal lung maturation and reduce the incidence and mortality of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. The correct answer, B) postnatal growth, is the exception because antenatal corticosteroids do not directly impact the postnatal growth of the infant. Option A, incidence and mortality of RDS, is directly affected by antenatal corticosteroids as they improve lung maturity, reducing the risk of RDS. Option C, overall neonatal mortality, is decreased as antenatal corticosteroids lower the likelihood of complications associated with prematurity. Option D, need for and duration of ventilatory support, is also reduced because the improved lung function resulting from corticosteroid administration decreases the severity of respiratory issues in preterm infants. In an educational context, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the rationale behind administering antenatal corticosteroids and their impact on neonatal outcomes. This knowledge enables nurses to provide evidence-based care, advocate for optimal treatment strategies, and effectively educate parents on the benefits of this intervention in improving neonatal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding predisposing factors for conditions like persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is crucial for providing quality care. In this case, the correct answer is A) anemia. Anemia is not typically associated with an increased risk of PPHN. Meconium aspiration syndrome (B), early-onset sepsis (C), and birth asphyxia (D) are all recognized risk factors for PPHN. Meconium aspiration can lead to airway obstruction and inflammation in the lungs, increasing the risk of PPHN. Early-onset sepsis can cause systemic inflammation and compromise respiratory function, contributing to PPHN. Birth asphyxia, which involves a lack of oxygen during birth, can lead to pulmonary vasoconstriction and PPHN. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing predisposing factors for PPHN to promptly identify and manage at-risk newborns. Understanding these risk factors can guide nursing interventions and support early detection and treatment of PPHN, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Nurses must be well-versed in neonatal conditions and their associated risk factors to provide safe and effective care to newborns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Breast milk jaundice is a condition characterized by prolonged jaundice in breastfed infants. The correct answer, D, "kernicterus never occurs," is accurate because breast milk jaundice, although it can cause prolonged jaundice, does not lead to kernicterus. Kernicterus is a severe neurological condition resulting from high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, which can cause brain damage in infants. Option A is incorrect because breast milk jaundice actually develops in around 2% of breastfed term infants, making this statement true. Option B is also incorrect as breast milk jaundice can lead to maximal unconjugated bilirubin concentrations as high as 10-30 mg/dL during the 2nd-3rd week of life. Option C is incorrect as jaundice in breast milk jaundice can persist for 3-10 weeks, which is a characteristic feature of this condition. In an educational context, understanding breast milk jaundice is crucial for healthcare professionals working with infants and new mothers. By recognizing the features of breast milk jaundice, healthcare providers can differentiate it from other causes of jaundice and provide appropriate guidance and support to families. It is essential to monitor these infants closely to prevent complications and provide necessary interventions if needed.