You are evaluating a 2-year-old boy who is experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) between his parents. Of the following, the MOST likely problem that may be seen in such a child is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) disrupted attachment and routines around eating and sleeping. Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) between their parents are at high risk for disrupted attachment due to the instability and insecurity in their environment. This can manifest in difficulties forming secure attachments with caregivers and disruptions in routines, like eating and sleeping patterns. Option A) conduct disorder is less likely in this case as it is more commonly associated with behavioral issues and aggression, which may develop over time but are not the most immediate concern for a young child in an IPV situation. Option B) low self-esteem could be an outcome of prolonged exposure to IPV, but it is not the most likely problem that would be seen in a 2-year-old child in the initial evaluation. Option C) regression, while a possible coping mechanism for some children in response to trauma, is not the most likely problem to be seen initially. Disrupted attachment and routines would have a more immediate impact on the child's well-being and development. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be aware of the potential effects of IPV on children and to assess for these issues during evaluations. Understanding the impact of trauma on attachment and routines can help nurses provide appropriate support and interventions for children experiencing such situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the contraindications of medications commonly used in pediatric patients. In this question, the correct answer is B) Aspirin. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with gout because it can exacerbate hyperuricemia, which is a key feature of gout. Aspirin interferes with uric acid excretion, leading to increased serum levels of uric acid and potentially triggering a gout flare. Allopurinol (option A) is actually used in the treatment of gout as it helps lower uric acid levels by inhibiting its production. Colchicine (option C) is also used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation. Prednisone (option D) is a corticosteroid that can be used in gout treatment to reduce inflammation and pain during acute attacks. It is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of these contraindications and understand the rationale behind them to ensure safe medication administration and optimal patient outcomes. By knowing which medications to avoid in patients with specific conditions like gout, nurses can prevent potential complications and provide effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) All of the above. Hydroxychloroquine is a medication commonly used in the treatment of various conditions, including autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. One of the common side effects of hydroxychloroquine is retinopathy, which can manifest as vision changes and damage to the retina. This highlights the importance of regular eye examinations for patients on this medication to monitor for any ocular complications. Nausea is another common side effect of hydroxychloroquine. Patients taking this medication may experience gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients about this potential side effect and provide strategies to manage it, such as taking the medication with food. Hair loss, while less common than retinopathy and nausea, can also occur as a side effect of hydroxychloroquine. Patients may notice increased hair shedding or thinning while on this medication. It is crucial for healthcare providers to address any concerns related to hair loss and provide support and guidance to patients experiencing this side effect. In an educational context, understanding the common side effects of medications like hydroxychloroquine is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for patients with autoimmune conditions. By knowing these side effects, nurses can effectively monitor patients for any signs of complications, provide education to families about what to expect, and intervene promptly to address any issues that may arise. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and promotes their safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) All of the above. Takayasu arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its branches. It can lead to various manifestations, including pulselessness, hypertension, and fatigue. Pulselessness is a common feature of Takayasu arteritis due to the inflammation and narrowing of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and weakened pulses in the affected areas. Hypertension is another common manifestation, as the narrowing of the arteries can increase blood pressure. Fatigue is also a common symptom due to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Option A) Pulselessness is correct, as mentioned above. Option B) Hypertension is also correct, as increased blood pressure is a common finding in Takayasu arteritis. Option C) Fatigue is correct as well, as reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery can lead to fatigue. Educationally, understanding the clinical features of Takayasu arteritis is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care for affected children. Recognizing these common features can aid in early detection, monitoring, and management of the disease to prevent complications and improve outcomes for pediatric patients. Nurses play a vital role in assessing, educating, and supporting children and their families coping with chronic conditions like Takayasu arteritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Promoting family planning. Overpopulation is a significant global issue that can lead to various social, economic, and environmental challenges. Promoting family planning is a potential solution because it empowers individuals to make informed choices about the number and spacing of their children. By providing access to contraception and education on family planning, individuals can choose to have smaller families, which can help in reducing the overall population growth rate. Option B) Encouraging urban migration is not a suitable solution to overpopulation. Urban migration can lead to overcrowding in cities, strain on resources, and inadequate infrastructure to support the influx of people. It does not address the root cause of overpopulation and may exacerbate existing issues. Option C) Increasing food production is not a direct solution to overpopulation. While ensuring food security is essential, simply increasing food production without addressing population growth can lead to further strain on resources and environmental degradation. Option D) Reducing healthcare access is not a recommended solution. Access to healthcare is a fundamental human right and plays a crucial role in promoting well-being and quality of life. Limiting healthcare access can have detrimental effects on population health and does not address the underlying issue of overpopulation. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, to understand the factors contributing to global challenges like overpopulation. By promoting family planning and advocating for reproductive health education, nurses can play a vital role in empowering individuals and communities to make informed choices that contribute to sustainable population growth and better health outcomes.