ATI RN
A Review of Basic Patient Rights in Psychiatric Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are dispatched to the scene of a one-vehicle motor collision. Upon your arrival at the scene, you note that the vehicle struck a tree on the driver side. The driver is the only patient, and she is still sitting in the driver seat of the vehicle. The vehicle is stable and has moderate damage noted to the driver side, which prevents the driver side door from opening. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to extricate the patient from the vehicle?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Open the passenger side door and extricate through the passenger side. This is the most appropriate way to extricate the patient safely. By opening the passenger side door, you avoid causing further injury to the patient by moving them through the damaged driver side. It also allows for easier access and a smoother extrication process. Breaking the driver side window (choice A) may cause additional harm due to glass shards and sharp edges. Opening the rear driver side door (choice B) may be challenging due to the impact on the driver side. Using a crowbar to pry open the driver door (choice C) risks causing more damage to the vehicle and potential harm to the patient.
Question 2 of 5
You are called to assist a pregnant female in the 24th week gestation period according to her due date. The pale 26-year-old patient is found supine in bed, complaining of dizziness/weakness with extreme nausea. The patient denies vaginal bleeding, amniotic fluid leakage, or abdominal pain. There are no signs of imminent birth or active labor. She reports receiving normal prenatal care with no associated problems found during the pregnancy. Her heart rate is 126-130 beats per minute; her blood pressure is 80 mmHg systolic while her skin is cool and pale. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause the patient's presentation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Supine hypotension. When a pregnant woman lies flat on her back (supine position), the weight of the uterus can compress the inferior vena cava, reducing blood flow to the heart, leading to hypotension and decreased cardiac output. This can cause symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and nausea. In this case, the patient's symptoms of dizziness, weakness, and hypotension are consistent with supine hypotension due to compression of the vena cava. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect for this scenario because uterine rupture, spontaneous abortion, and placenta previa typically present with different symptoms and are not related to the patient's current presentation.
Question 3 of 5
Your adult status asthmaticus patient requires rapid sequence intubation due to rapidly increasing airway constriction. Which of the following would be most appropriate following tube placement confirmation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2-5 mg of albuterol administered directly down the endotracheal (ET) tube. This is because albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that helps to relax bronchial smooth muscles quickly, providing immediate relief in cases of severe airway constriction like in status asthmaticus. Administering it directly down the ET tube ensures rapid delivery to the lungs. Option A is incorrect as levalbuterol is a more potent form of albuterol and may cause adverse effects in high doses. Option C involves nebulizing albuterol which would be slower compared to direct administration. Option D provides a lower dose of levalbuterol, which may not be as effective in a critical situation.
Question 4 of 5
You are called to assist an adult female with a possible allergic reaction. You arrive to find a 22-year-old patient who is just beginning to have difficulty breathing. She has itching, urticaria, and hives after a bee-sting. During the possible allergic reaction, what is occurring at the cellular level?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Mast cells play a key role in allergic reactions by releasing histamines and other inflammatory mediators. 2. When triggered by an allergen like a bee-sting, mast cells degranulate, releasing histamines and serotonin. 3. Histamines cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to itching, hives, and urticaria. 4. Serotonin contributes to smooth muscle contraction and bronchoconstriction, leading to difficulty breathing. 5. Therefore, choice D is correct as it accurately describes the cellular events in an allergic reaction. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately depict the cellular processes involved in an allergic reaction. A does not mention degranulation, B focuses on a hypermetabolic state unrelated to allergies, and C refers to anaerobic metabolism which is not the primary mechanism in allergic reactions.
Question 5 of 5
You are on-scene with a 55-year-old cardiac history patient who suddenly collapsed during dinner with his family. He is found to be pulseless and apneic with his family performing adequate CPR on arrival. His wife is distraught and hands you a legal DNR order signed by his physician. She states that he does not have a terminal illness and begs you to ignore the legal order and 'do everything in your capabilities to save him!' Which of the following would be most appropriate in this situation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Initiate full resuscitation efforts including advanced cardiac life support, and contact medical control. In this scenario, the patient is found to be pulseless and apneic with CPR being performed by the family. The legal DNR order is not applicable in this situation as the patient does not have a terminal illness. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the patient's immediate need for resuscitation. Initiating full resuscitation efforts, including advanced cardiac life support, is necessary to maximize the chances of survival. Contacting medical control will ensure proper guidance and support during the resuscitation process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Contacting medical control and waiting for approval before initiating full resuscitation could delay life-saving interventions. B: Stopping all resuscitation efforts based on the legal DNR order without considering the patient's current condition would be inappropriate. C: Advising the family to stop CPR and explaining the legal D