Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (3 significant figures). When calculating the perimeter of a rectangle, you add all the sides together. In this case, the perimeter would be 2(36 cm + 83 cm) = 238 cm. The least precise measurement given (83 cm) has 2 significant figures. Therefore, the final answer should be reported with the same number of significant figures as the least precise measurement, which is 3. Summary: A: 1 significant figure is too few. B: 2 significant figures are based on the least precise measurement. D: 4 significant figures are too many as it should match the least precise measurement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil. In the Thomson model, the atom was thought to be a uniform, positively charged sphere. If this model had been correct, alpha particles would have passed through the foil with little or no deflection. However, Rutherford observed significant deflections, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center (nucleus). This aligns with the concept of the Rutherford model of the atom. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the experimental observations made by Rutherford.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (5 significant figures) because leading zeros are not considered significant. In the number 04560700, the zeros before the 4 are placeholders and do not add to the precision of the number. Therefore, only the digits 4, 5, 6, 0, and 7 are significant. Choice A (4) is incorrect because it does not account for the zeros after the 6. Choice C (7) is incorrect as it counts all the digits including the leading zeros. Choice D (8) is incorrect as it includes all the digits, including non-significant zeros.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To determine the significant figures in the difference between 6172 mL and 57 mL, subtract the numbers: 6172 mL - 57 mL = 6115 mL. The answer should have the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places in the subtraction, which is 57 mL. Hence, the correct answer is 2 significant figures. Choice A is incorrect because it is too low as it does not account for the 1 in the tens place of 57 mL. Choice C is incorrect as it is too high because the answer does not have that many significant figures. Choice D is incorrect as it also overestimates the number of significant figures in the difference.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1 gram = 10^3 kilograms. This is incorrect because 1 kilogram is equal to 1000 grams, not 100 grams. A is correct as 1 microliter is indeed 10^-6 liters. C is correct as 10^3 milliliters equals 1 liter. D is correct as 1 gram is equal to 10^2 centigrams. The incorrect relationship in choice B violates the metric system conversion factor of 1 kilogram being equal to 1000 grams.