You are admitting a new patient who is depressed. Your initial contact should do what?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of admitting a new patient who is depressed, establishing trust is the most critical initial step. This is because building trust forms the foundation for effective communication, rapport, and ultimately, successful treatment outcomes. By establishing trust, the healthcare provider creates a safe and supportive environment where the patient feels comfortable sharing their feelings, thoughts, and concerns. Addressing why the patient is depressed (Option A) is important, but it should come after trust has been established. Jumping straight into discussing the reasons for depression without building a trusting relationship can make the patient feel misunderstood or judged, hindering effective communication and therapeutic progress. Keeping communication open (Option B) is essential, but it is a broader concept that encompasses aspects like active listening, empathy, and providing support. However, without trust, the patient may not feel comfortable engaging in open communication. Lifting the patient's spirits (Option C) is a well-intentioned approach, but it may come across as dismissive if not done in a context of understanding and empathy. Simply trying to cheer up a depressed individual without addressing the underlying issues can be perceived as trivializing their condition. In an educational context, understanding the significance of establishing trust in the therapeutic relationship is fundamental for healthcare providers, especially when working with individuals experiencing psychobiologic disorders like depression. It sets the tone for effective assessment, treatment planning, and ongoing support, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In understanding psychobiologic disorders such as depressive disorders, it is crucial to delve into the biological underpinnings that contribute to these conditions. The correct answer, option B, states that the patient experiences maladaptive thought processes, which is not a biological theory but rather falls under the realm of cognitive or psychological theories of depression. Option A, chemical imbalances being responsible, is a common biological theory supported by research indicating that disruptions in neurotransmitter levels (such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) can contribute to depressive symptoms. Option C, genetic tendencies running in families, is another well-established biological theory, suggesting that certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to developing depressive disorders. Option D, hormonal factors making women more susceptible than men, also aligns with biological theories as hormonal fluctuations, particularly related to estrogen and progesterone, have been linked to increased vulnerability to depression in women. Educationally, understanding the various biological theories of depressive disorders is essential for healthcare professionals in accurately diagnosing, treating, and providing support for individuals suffering from these conditions. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of depression, healthcare providers can offer more comprehensive and personalized care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Instruct the patient and family about the many food-drug interactions. This teaching is crucial because phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which interacts with certain foods containing tyramine, leading to a potentially dangerous hypertensive crisis. Educating the patient and family about these interactions is essential to prevent adverse reactions and ensure medication effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because abruptly stopping antidepressants can lead to withdrawal symptoms; however, it is still important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding the duration of treatment. Option C is not the most important teaching for a patient starting phenelzine. While dry mouth is a common side effect, it is manageable compared to the potentially life-threatening food-drug interactions. Option D is also important information for the patient to be aware of, but the critical teaching point in this scenario is the food-drug interactions, which can have immediate and severe consequences if not addressed. In an educational context, emphasizing the significance of understanding food-drug interactions with MAOIs can empower patients to take an active role in their medication management, promoting safety and treatment efficacy. This knowledge equips patients with the tools to make informed decisions and prevent harmful outcomes while undergoing treatment for psychobiologic disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of psychobiologic disorders, it is crucial for nurses to understand the differences between major depression and dysthymia depression. The correct answer to this question is option C: Severity and duration of symptoms. This is because the key differentiating factors between major depression and dysthymia depression lie in the severity and duration of symptoms. Major depression is characterized by the presence of severe symptoms that significantly impact a person's ability to function in daily life. These symptoms are usually present for a defined period, typically at least two weeks. On the other hand, dysthymia depression is characterized by milder symptoms that may not be as debilitating but persist for a much longer duration, usually for at least two years. Option A is incorrect because mania is a feature of bipolar disorder, not depression. Option B is incorrect as anger and guilt can be present in both major depression and dysthymia depression. Option D is incorrect as gender and age are not the primary factors that differentiate between major depression and dysthymia depression. Understanding these distinctions is essential for nurses in assessing, diagnosing, and providing appropriate care for patients with different types of depressive disorders. By recognizing the severity and duration of symptoms, nurses can better tailor interventions and support to meet the specific needs of individuals experiencing major depression or dysthymia depression.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Fried fish, rice, and cola. When taking an MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor), it is crucial to adhere to a tyramine-restricted diet to prevent a hypertensive crisis. Foods rich in tyramine, like aged cheeses, cured meats, and alcoholic beverages, should be avoided. Option A includes pepperoni pizza and beer, both high in tyramine. Option B includes roast chicken, a safer choice, but beer is still high in tyramine. Option D includes pickled herring and coffee, which are also high in tyramine. Educationally, understanding the dietary restrictions when taking an MAOI is vital for patient safety. Teaching patients about these restrictions can prevent adverse reactions and complications. By choosing option C, the patient demonstrates an appropriate meal choice with low tyramine content, promoting safe medication use. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on medication-specific dietary guidelines to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and prevent potential harm.