You are a hospice nurse who, as part of your role, does follow up counseling and care for the significant others of deceased spouses for one year after their loss. Whose theory of grief and loss would you most likely integrate into your practice as you perform this role?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate theory of grief and loss to integrate into your practice as a hospice nurse providing follow-up counseling and care to significant others of deceased spouses is Kubler Ross' theory. Elisabeth Kubler Ross is known for her five stages of grief model, which includes denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This model is widely used in the field of nursing and healthcare to help individuals understand and navigate the grieving process. Engel's theory, on the other hand, focuses on the biopsychosocial aspects of health and illness, and may not provide the in-depth framework needed for understanding grief specifically. Lewin's theory is more related to change management and may not directly apply to the emotional and psychological aspects of grief experienced by significant others. Warden's theory, which focuses on tasks of mourning, is also relevant to grief counseling but does not provide the comprehensive framework of stages that Kubler Ross' theory offers. By integrating Kubler Ross' theory into your practice, you can better support significant others through their grieving process by recognizing and validating their emotions, helping them navigate through different stages of grief, and ultimately promote their healing and acceptance. Understanding and applying this theory in your practice will enhance your ability to provide effective and compassionate care to those experiencing loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In administering blood and blood products to a client with B negative blood type, it is crucial for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the fact that this client has B agglutinins and lacks the Rh factor. This is because individuals with B negative blood type have B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma, meaning they can receive B negative or O negative blood but not A or AB blood types due to potential agglutination reactions. Option A is incorrect as it mentions A and B agglutinins, which is not accurate for a B negative blood type individual. Option B is incorrect as it mentions B and O agglutinins, which is also inaccurate. Option D is incorrect as it mentions A agglutinins, which is not present in an individual with B negative blood type. Understanding blood types and compatibility is crucial in nursing practice to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse reactions during blood transfusions. Nurses need to be well-versed in blood typing, antigens, antibodies, and transfusion reactions to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By selecting the correct answer, nurses can ensure the appropriate selection of blood products for patients with specific blood types, ultimately contributing to positive patient outcomes and adherence to the family-centered care model.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Ask the nurse to use the vastus lateralis muscle instead of the gluteus maximus. Administering an intramuscular injection in the gluteus maximus can be risky due to its proximity to major nerves and blood vessels, which could result in injury or complications for the client. The vastus lateralis muscle, located in the thigh, is a safer and more easily accessible site for administering IM injections in adults. Option A, allowing the nurse to administer the injection in the gluteus maximus, is incorrect as it poses potential risks to the client. Option C, asking the nurse to verify the doctor's order again, is not directly related to the safe administration of the injection. Option D, stopping the nurse from administering the injection, is necessary if the nurse persists on using the incorrect site. In an educational context, it is crucial to prioritize patient safety and ensure that nursing students understand the importance of proper injection techniques. Teaching new graduate nurses about safe injection sites and techniques will help prevent errors and promote optimal patient care. Encouraging critical thinking and adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines is essential in nursing education.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Freud. Sigmund Freud, a renowned psychologist, established the id, ego, and superego theory as part of his psychoanalytic approach to understanding human behavior. In this theory, he proposed that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id (our primal instincts and desires), the ego (our conscious self that balances the id and superego), and the superego (our moral compass). Option B) Horney is incorrect because Karen Horney was a prominent psychoanalyst known for her theories on neurosis and personality development, but she did not develop the id, ego, and superego theory. Option C) Skinner is incorrect because B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who focused on operant conditioning and behavior modification, which is a different psychological perspective than Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Option D) Pavlov is incorrect because Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist known for his research on classical conditioning, which is also a different psychological concept unrelated to Freud's id, ego, and superego theory. In an educational context, understanding the id, ego, and superego theory is crucial for nursing students practicing family-centered care. It provides insights into how individuals' unconscious drives, conscious thoughts, and moral values influence their behaviors and interactions within the family system. This knowledge can help nurses better comprehend and support families facing complex health challenges by recognizing the various psychological factors at play.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Inconsistent explanations about the details of the falls, which would lead to suspicion of elder abuse. This is because inconsistencies in the caregiver's explanations may indicate deception or attempts to cover up the true cause of the injuries, raising concerns about abuse or neglect. Option B) The patient telling you she doesn't like the caregiver is not a definitive indicator of abuse. It could be due to personal conflicts or issues unrelated to abuse. Option C) The patient crying when her daughter arrives could be a sign of emotional distress or a strained relationship but does not necessarily indicate abuse. Option D) The patient having a UTI is not directly related to the suspicion of elder abuse. While UTIs can affect behavior, they are not a specific indicator of abuse. In an educational context, it's crucial for nurses to be vigilant in recognizing signs of elder abuse. Inconsistencies in explanations, unexplained injuries, changes in behavior, and fear of a specific caregiver are all red flags that should prompt further investigation and appropriate intervention to protect vulnerable older adults. Nurses play a vital role in advocating for the safety and well-being of their older patients, especially those who may be experiencing abuse or neglect.