ATI RN
The Human Reproductive System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Within minutes following a normal delivery, flow through the foramen ovale decreases dramatically. What is the cause of this change?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (C): 1. After delivery, the baby takes its first breath, increasing oxygen levels. 2. This leads to the closure of the foramen ovale to shift blood flow from the right to the left side. 3. Increased left atrial pressure occurs due to increased blood returning from the lungs. 4. This pressure change causes the foramen ovale to close. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Increased prostaglandin E2 does not directly affect flow through the foramen ovale. B: Increased flow through the pulmonary artery is expected after birth, but it does not directly impact the foramen ovale. D: Increased right atrial pressure would not cause a decrease in flow through the foramen ovale.
Question 2 of 5
Following ejaculation, arterial blood flow into the corpora cavernosa decreases back to the normal resting level resulting in the flaccid state. What is the best explanation for this decrease in blood flow?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the resistance of the arterioles supplying the corpora cavernosa increases. This occurs due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the arterioles stimulated by sympathetic nervous system activity post-ejaculation. This constriction of arterioles reduces blood flow into the corpora cavernosa, leading to the flaccid state. Choice A is incorrect because systemic arterial pressure does not decrease significantly post-ejaculation. Choice B is incorrect as decreased sympathetic stimulation would actually lead to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Choice D is incorrect because the release of nitric oxide by the parasympathetic nervous system would lead to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction.
Question 3 of 5
A man suffers from a disease that destroyed only the motor neurons of the spinal cord below the thoracic region. Which aspect of sexual function would not be possible?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ejaculation. Motor neurons control muscle movements, including those involved in ejaculation. Since the motor neurons below the thoracic region are damaged, the man would not be able to ejaculate. Arousal (A), erection (B), and lubrication (C) are controlled by different mechanisms and do not solely rely on motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Question 4 of 5
Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is released by the anterior pituitary gland to trigger ovulation in females. It causes the mature ovarian follicle to release an egg during the menstrual cycle. Antidiuretic hormone (A) is involved in regulating water balance, not ovulation. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (B) stimulates the thyroid gland, not the ovaries. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) helps in the development of ovarian follicles, but it is not responsible for triggering ovulation. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it directly stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation.
Question 5 of 5
The process of creating female gametes is called ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oogenesis. Oogenesis is the process of creating female gametes (eggs) through meiosis in the ovaries. Spermatogenesis (A) is the process of creating male gametes (sperm). Spermiogenesis (C) is the final stage of spermatogenesis where spermatids mature into sperm. Cleavage (D) refers to the rapid cell divisions that occur after fertilization. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the formation of female gametes.