With what diseases does norepinephrine increase?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Norepinephrine increase is associated with mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia due to its role in the brain's stress response. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, alertness, and arousal. Increased levels can lead to symptoms seen in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Depression is not typically associated with increased norepinephrine levels. Parkinson's disease is linked to dopamine deficiency, not norepinephrine. Alzheimer's disease is associated with acetylcholine and amyloid plaques, not norepinephrine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on softening the impact of an ongoing illness or injury by managing complications, preventing disability, and improving quality of life. It comes after primary (preventing disease/injury) and secondary (early detection/treatment) prevention. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to primary prevention. Choice B is incorrect because it relates to secondary prevention. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically addresses treating existing diseases rather than focusing on managing ongoing illness or injury. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer for tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abnormal muscle tone resulting in spasms and abnormal posture. Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, causing repetitive movements or abnormal postures. This leads to spasms and involuntary muscle movements, resulting in abnormal posture. Choice B is incorrect because dystonia is not characterized by excessive muscle relaxation, but rather by muscle contractions. Choice C is incorrect as dystonia does not involve muscle weakness, but rather involuntary muscle contractions. Choice D is incorrect because dystonia is not primarily characterized by muscle pain, but by abnormal muscle tone and posture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADHD. Amphetamine (Adderall) is commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by helping to improve focus, attention, and impulse control. It is a stimulant that works on the central nervous system to increase certain brain chemicals. Amphetamine is not used for treating depression (B), anxiety (C), or schizophrenia (D). Depression is usually treated with antidepressants, anxiety with anti-anxiety medications, and schizophrenia with antipsychotic medications. Therefore, the correct choice is A because it aligns with the known therapeutic uses of amphetamine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sedation and respiratory depression. Benzodiazepines are known to cause sedative effects by enhancing the action of GABA in the brain, leading to relaxation and drowsiness. Respiratory depression can occur, especially in high doses or when combined with other depressants. Option B is incorrect as benzodiazepines typically do not increase energy and alertness but rather have a calming effect. Option C is also incorrect as weight gain and increased appetite are not commonly associated with benzodiazepines. Option D is incorrect because benzodiazepines do have side effects, including sedation and respiratory depression.