With what diseases does dopamine decrease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parkinson's disease. Dopamine decrease is associated with Parkinson's disease due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. This results in motor symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. In schizophrenia, dopamine levels are actually elevated, contributing to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. Depression is linked to decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, not dopamine. Anxiety is also more closely related to imbalances in serotonin and norepinephrine levels, rather than dopamine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduction in anxiety. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety by reducing neuronal excitability. Increased GABA levels can lead to a calming effect, thus reducing anxiety. Choice B is incorrect as GABA does not increase anxiety, mania, or schizophrenia. Choice C is incorrect as GABA is not directly associated with depression. Choice D is incorrect as GABA dysfunction is not a primary factor in Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because secondary prevention focuses on reducing the impact of a disease that has already occurred. It involves early detection, screening, and treatment to prevent the disease from progressing further. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Preventing disease before it occurs refers to primary prevention. C: Softening the impact of an ongoing illness or injury is more related to tertiary prevention. D: Treating existing diseases is a broad term that encompasses both secondary and tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to manage and reduce the impact of an existing health condition. Cardiac rehab programs fall under this category by providing specialized care and support to individuals post-heart attack or heart surgery. These programs focus on improving cardiovascular health through exercise, education, and counseling. Legislation to ban hazardous products (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent health issues before they occur. Regular exams and screenings (B) are considered secondary prevention, detecting diseases early to prevent complications. Support groups (D) can be part of the overall care plan but do not specifically target the management of an existing condition like tertiary prevention programs do.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that can worsen angle closure glaucoma and exacerbate pre-existing CNS depression. For choice B, hypertension and diabetes are not contraindications for alprazolam. Choice C, asthma and allergies, are not direct contraindications for alprazolam. Choice D is incorrect as alprazolam does have contraindications.