ATI RN
Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders, nurses should be aware that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer, D, states that the risk factor for genetic disorders remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family. This is because the probability of inheriting a genetic disorder does not change based on the number of affected children in the family. Each child has an independent chance of inheriting the disorder, and the presence of affected siblings does not increase or decrease the risk for subsequent children. Option A is incorrect because the likelihood of a second child having a dominant disorder is not always 100%. Dominant disorders have a 50% chance of being passed on to each child, regardless of the presence of a previous affected child. Option B is incorrect as well because an autosomal recessive disease typically carries a one in four risk for each child, not one in eight. This is based on the probability of inheriting two recessive alleles, one from each parent. Option C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the recurrence risk for disorders involving maternal drug ingestion. The risk can vary depending on the specific drug, timing of exposure, and individual genetic factors. Understanding the principles of genetic inheritance and recurrence risks is crucial for nurses caring for families with genetic disorders. By knowing the correct probabilities and factors influencing recurrence, nurses can provide accurate information and support to families dealing with genetic conditions.
Question 2 of 5
The ___ is/are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport to and from the maternal bloodstream.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Chorionic villi. Chorionic villi are finger-like projections that develop from the chorion, which is a membrane surrounding the embryo. These villi contain fetal blood vessels that are in close contact with the maternal blood in the uterus. This close proximity allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother's bloodstream and the developing fetus. This process is crucial for the fetus to receive oxygen for survival and to eliminate carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration. Decidua basalis (option A) is the part of the endometrium where the chorionic villi implant and interact with maternal tissues, but it is not directly involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. The blastocyst (option B) is an early stage of embryonic development and does not play a role in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. The germ layer (option C) refers to the three primary layers of cells in the developing embryo but is not specifically responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. Understanding the role of chorionic villi in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport is essential in understanding the process of fetal development and the importance of the placenta in maintaining a healthy environment for the growing fetus. This knowledge is fundamental for healthcare professionals working in obstetrics and maternal-fetal medicine to ensure the well-being of both mother and baby during pregnancy.
Question 3 of 5
The most basic information a maternity nurse should have concerning conception is that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Implantation in the endometrium occurs 6 to 10 days after conception. This is the most basic information a maternity nurse should know about conception because it highlights the timeline of events following fertilization. After conception, the fertilized egg undergoes several divisions as it travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Implantation occurs when this developing embryo attaches to the thickened lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. Option A is incorrect because ova are typically fertile for about 12-24 hours after ovulation, not 48 to 72 hours. Option B is also incorrect as sperm can remain viable in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days, not just 12 to 24 hours. Option C is incorrect as conception actually occurs when the genetic material of the sperm combines with the genetic material of the ovum, forming a zygote, rather than when the sperm penetrates the ovum's membrane. Understanding the timing of events during conception and early pregnancy is crucial for maternity nurses to provide accurate information and support to expectant mothers. This knowledge helps in assessing and monitoring the progression of pregnancy, identifying any potential issues, and offering appropriate care and guidance to pregnant women.
Question 4 of 5
Many parents-to-be have questions about multiple births. Maternity nurses should be able to tell them that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Twinning and other multiple births are increasing because of the use of fertility drugs and delayed childbearing. This is the correct answer because advancements in fertility treatments have indeed led to an increase in multiple births. Fertility drugs and assisted reproductive technologies can stimulate the release of multiple eggs, increasing the chance of conceiving twins or more. Option B is incorrect because dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) arise from two separate eggs and cannot be conjoined. Conjoined twins result from the incomplete separation of a fertilized egg. Option C is incorrect because fraternal twins can be of the same or different genders. Fraternal twins occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm. Option D is incorrect because the occurrence of identical twins is not influenced by race or ethnicity. Identical twins result from a single fertilized egg splitting into two embryos, which can happen in any ethnic group. Educationally, understanding the factors contributing to multiple births is crucial for maternity nurses to provide accurate information and support to expectant parents. This knowledge helps nurses address concerns, provide appropriate care, and offer guidance on managing the complexities that may arise with multiple pregnancies.
Question 5 of 5
The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi. The placenta acts as a barrier between the maternal and fetal circulations while allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. Within the chorionic villi, small finger-like projections of the placenta, maternal blood comes into close contact with fetal capillaries, facilitating the transfer of these essential substances. Option B) Interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels is incorrect because pH levels do not directly facilitate the exchange of substances between the mother and fetus. Option C) A mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces is incorrect as maternal and fetal blood do not mix in the placenta due to the presence of the placental barrier. Option D) Passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries is incorrect because while passive diffusion does occur, it is the contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi that allows for this exchange to take place efficiently. Understanding the intricacies of placental function is crucial in comprehending the physiological processes that support fetal development. By grasping how the placenta facilitates the exchange of substances between the mother and fetus, healthcare professionals can better address issues that may arise during pregnancy and ensure optimal maternal and fetal health.