With regard to adrenal physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adrenal medulla secretes dopamine (minor), alongside epinephrine/norepinephrine, from chromaffin cells, aiding stress responses. Cortisol, primary glucocorticoid from zona fasciculata, isn't sole corticosterone exists, though less. Oestrogens (from zona reticularis) aren't largest molecular size varies, aldosterone similar. Cortisol has some mineralocorticoid activity (e.g., in excess like Cushing's), not negligible. Dopamine's medullary secretion distinguishes it, key to catecholamine diversity, unlike glucocorticoid exclusivity, size, or activity claims.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oxytocin, from hypothalamus, is stored/released by posterior pituitary, not anterior lactation/childbirth role. ACTH (adrenal), prolactin (lactation), and β-lipoprotein (lipid metabolism, though less common term) are anterior pituitary hormones. Oxytocin's posterior origin distinguishes it, key to pituitary division, unlike anterior tropic hormones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus (low ADH) causes polyuria (water loss) and polydipsia (thirst) due to dilute urine classic signs. Alcohol inhibits ADH, increasing urine output. Surgical stress boosts ADH (stress response). ADH presence in mammals (e.g., hippos) is universal for water balance. Polydipsia/polyuria distinguish DI, key to its pathophysiology, unlike alcohol, stress, or species claims.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) lower plasma cholesterol by enhancing LDL receptor clearance, not increase false claim. They boost Na/K ATPase (metabolism), β-receptors (catecholamine sensitivity), and calorigenesis (heat production). Cholesterol reduction distinguishes thyroid action, key to lipid metabolism, unlike metabolic, receptor, or heat truths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hormone secretion is typically triggered by nervous signals (e.g., hypothalamus to pituitary), blood chemistry (e.g., glucose for insulin), or other hormones not mechanical stretching, which suits exocrine glands (e.g., salivary). The cutoff omits options, but 'mechanical stretching' (C) is least endocrine-relevant per prior answer. This distinction underscores endocrine reliance on systemic cues, vital for coordinated responses, contrasting with mechanical triggers in other systems.