Wilma knew that James have an adequate respiratory condition if she notices that

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An adequate respiratory condition can be indicated by a normal respiratory rate. The normal adult respiratory rate typically ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute. In this case, if James' respiratory rate is 18, it falls within the normal range and would suggest that his respiratory condition is adequate. Oxygen saturation levels and the presence of blood suction or secretions are important factors to consider as well, but directly assessing the respiratory rate provides a more immediate indication of respiratory status.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric emergency nursing, comfort management is crucial when caring for a patient with sinusitis. The correct answer, option B (1, 3, 4, and 5), includes recommendations that address different aspects of comfort. 1. Coughing and deep breathing help mobilize secretions and improve ventilation, reducing discomfort. 3. Hot moist packs can provide soothing relief to the sinuses, reducing pain and inflammation. 4. Room humidifier helps maintain optimal humidity levels, preventing mucous membranes from drying out. 5. Percussion and postural drainage assist in clearing secretions, promoting airway clearance and comfort. Options A, C, and D contain incorrect recommendations that do not directly address comfort in sinusitis: - Option A lacks hot moist packs (iii) which can offer relief. - Option C does not include coughing and deep breathing (i) or room humidifier (iv) which are beneficial for comfort. - Option D does not include coughing and deep breathing (i) and hot moist packs (iii) which are important for managing sinusitis discomfort. By choosing option B, the nurse can implement a comprehensive approach to enhance the patient's comfort during sinusitis, promoting effective care and improved outcomes in pediatric emergency nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best explanation of emphysema for a newly diagnosed patient is that "Your lungs have lost some of their elasticity, and air gets trapped." This explanation succinctly captures the key characteristic of emphysema, which is the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs leading to the loss of elasticity. When the alveoli lose their elasticity, they are not able to effectively expel air during exhalation, causing air to become trapped in the lungs. This trapped air leads to difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and other respiratory symptoms commonly associated with emphysema. This explanation is clear and focuses on the primary pathology of emphysema, making it the most appropriate choice for a newly diagnosed patient to understand their condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pursed lip breathing is a breathing technique commonly used to help improve breathing efficiency in individuals with respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By pursing the lips during exhalation, it creates back pressure that helps to keep the airways open longer. This results in slower and more controlled expiration, allowing the individual to exhale a smaller volume of air while maintaining adequate oxygen exchange. This can reduce the feeling of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and help improve oxygen saturation levels in the blood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to impaired heart function. As the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, the body may not receive an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood. This can result in symptoms such as dyspnea, especially during physical exertion or when lying down. Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), chest pain, and heart murmur may also be seen in clients with cardiomyopathy but are not typically the first signs to present. Dyspnea is often a key indicator that should prompt further evaluation and monitoring for cardiac issues.