Why were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early 20th century?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nurses in the early 20th century were primarily educated in diploma schools that focused on providing care to hospitalized clients, rather than preparing them for public health nursing. This limited their exposure to community-based care and preventive health practices essential for public health nursing. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Public health nursing was indeed recognized as a field by the early 20th century, so this cannot be a reason for nurses being unprepared. C: Lack of teaching resources does not fully explain why nurses were unprepared; it was more about the focus of their education. D: While Nightingale's textbook may not have included public health nursing content, it is not the sole reason for nurses' lack of preparedness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Healthy People 2020. This document outlines national health objectives, including promoting early detection of breast cancer. It provides evidence-based strategies and goals for improving public health. A: The Future of Public Health - Focuses on the broader future of public health, not specifically on early detection of breast cancer in women. C: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Primarily addresses healthcare coverage and access, not specific strategies for promoting early detection of breast cancer. D: Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice - Pertains to the responsibilities and competencies of public health nurses, but does not specifically address strategies for promoting early detection of breast cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Florence Nightingale did indeed convince socially prominent wealthy women to volunteer and provide care, which helped bring about community health nursing by establishing training programs and setting standards for nursing practice. Choice C is incorrect because she mainly focused on soldiers and hospitals, not all soldiers and their environment. Choice D is incorrect because she did not personally interact with each individual person but rather trained and supervised nurses to provide care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In the 1950s, baccalaureate nursing programs started including public health nursing concepts to prepare nurses for a broader scope of practice. This change aimed to address the increasing healthcare needs of the population. Incorrect Choices: B: Diploma schools were actually declining in numbers due to the rise of baccalaureate programs. C: Junior and community colleges started offering nursing programs in the 1960s, not the 1950s. D: While having a scientific basis for practice is important, it wasn't a specific change in nursing education during the 1950s.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Level of education. Education level is a key social determinant of health as it influences access to resources, knowledge, and opportunities that impact health outcomes. Higher education levels are associated with better health outcomes, healthcare utilization, and health behaviors. Genetic influences (A) are not modifiable and do not directly determine social determinants of health. Exercise habits (B) and nutritional intake (C) are important health behaviors but do not address the broader social determinants of health like education level does.