ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Why should the nurse monitor angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors cautiously in clients with renal or hepatic impairment and in older adults?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly used to manage hypertension and heart failure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. In clients with renal or hepatic impairment, as well as in older adults, the metabolism and excretion of ACE inhibitors may be altered, leading to an increased risk of drug accumulation and potential hypotension. Monitoring these clients cautiously for a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially during the first 1-3 hours after the initial dose, is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and falls. Adjustments in dosage or frequency may be necessary to ensure the safe and effective use of ACE inhibitors in these populations.
Question 2 of 5
Which neurotransmitter mediates the sympathetic response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for our "fight or flight" response to stressful situations. Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter that mediates the sympathetic response, acting on adrenergic receptors in various target tissues. It helps to increase heart rate, elevate blood pressure, dilate air passages in the lungs, and mobilize energy stores in the body to prepare for physical exertion or stress. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic nervous system, but norepinephrine is the primary mediator of the fight or flight response.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse notes frequent muscle twitching when collecting admission data on a patient admitted for increasing muscle weakness. Which of the ff. terms should the nurse use to document this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasciculations are small, involuntary muscle contractions or twitching observed under the skin. In this scenario, the nurse noted frequent muscle twitching in the patient, which aligns with the characteristic manifestation of fasciculations. It is important for the nurse to accurately document this observation as it can provide valuable information to the healthcare team in assessing the patient's condition and determining the underlying cause of the muscle weakness. Chorea refers to irregular, rapid, and jerky movements that are not present in this case. Atrophy indicates muscle wasting, while neuropathy involves damage or dysfunction of nerves, neither of which specifically describes the observed muscle twitching.
Question 4 of 5
When performing a neurological examination on Mr. RR, which of the following would not be considered an important or useful part of the examination?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When performing a neurological examination on Mr. RR, pupil size due to neurologic medications would not typically be considered an important or useful part of the examination. While assessing pupil size and reactivity can provide valuable information about brain function and potential neurological issues, the focus of the initial examination would generally be on assessing eye movements, reflexes, and signs of nuchal rigidity. Pupil size related to medications would be more relevant in a medication review or history-taking rather than in the initial neurological examination.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the ff. statements does the nurse understand is true concerning air conduction of sound in the ear?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Air conduction of sound in the ear involves the transmission of sound waves through the air from the outer ear canal to the middle ear, where they cause the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted through the ossicles (tiny bones in the middle ear) to the inner ear, where they ultimately stimulate the hair cells in the cochlea to create the auditory nerve impulses. While air conduction is the most common method of sound transmission, it is less efficient than bone conduction. Bone conduction is the transmission of sound vibrations directly to the inner ear through the bones in the skull. This method bypasses the outer and middle ear and is often more efficient in conducting sound, especially at higher frequencies or in individuals with hearing loss related to the outer or middle ear.