ATI RN
Cardiovascular Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Why should a nurse assess a client's mental status after a TMR (Transmyocardial Revascularization) procedure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cerebral emboli may occur. After a TMR procedure, there is a risk of small blood clots (emboli) forming and traveling to the brain, leading to potential neurological complications. Assessing the client's mental status can help detect any signs of cerebral emboli, such as confusion or altered consciousness. Summary: A: Cerebral hemorrhage is not a common complication of TMR. B: Severe headache is not specific to cerebral emboli. C: Loss of consciousness can occur due to various reasons post-TMR, but it is not directly related to cerebral emboli.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following predisposes a client to right-sided heart failure and is a condition in which the heart is affected secondarily by lung damage?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cor pulmonale. This condition is characterized by right-sided heart failure due to lung damage, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Lung damage can result from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other lung diseases, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood through the lungs. This increased workload can eventually lead to right-sided heart failure. A: Myocardial infarction primarily affects the left side of the heart. C: Hypertension can lead to left-sided heart failure but not specifically right-sided heart failure. D: Cardiomyopathy is a broad term for diseases of the heart muscle and does not specifically predispose to right-sided heart failure due to lung damage.
Question 3 of 5
Janeway lesions are painless, erythematous, or hemorrhagic lesions found on the palms and soles. They are associated with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Janeway lesions are associated with endocarditis due to septic emboli reaching the small vessels in the palms and soles. Endocarditis causes bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves, leading to systemic emboli formation. These emboli can travel to various organs, including the skin, causing Janeway lesions. CAD (A) is not directly related to Janeway lesions. Hyperlipidemia (B) is a risk factor for CAD but not specifically associated with Janeway lesions. CHF (D) is a condition of the heart's inability to pump effectively and does not directly cause Janeway lesions.
Question 4 of 5
A primary prevention for reducing a female patient's risk of developing coronary heart disease is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: take aspirin 81 mg/d. Aspirin is recommended for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in high-risk individuals, including females. It helps reduce the risk of blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. This action can prevent blockages in the arteries that supply the heart. Avoiding weight gain during pregnancy (A) is important for overall health but not a primary prevention specifically for coronary heart disease. Enrolling in a cardiac rehabilitation program (B) is more suitable for individuals who already have cardiovascular disease. Taking nitroglycerin (D) is used for acute relief of chest pain but is not a primary prevention strategy.
Question 5 of 5
What can be auscultated in a patient with cardiac valve problems (select all that apply)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac murmurs. Cardiac valve problems can cause abnormal blood flow, leading to turbulent flow and producing murmurs. Murmurs are often auscultated using a stethoscope. Incorrect Choices: A: Arterial bruit is associated with vascular abnormalities, not specifically cardiac valve problems. B: Pulsus alternans is a pulse pattern, not a sound auscultated from the heart. D: Third heart sound (S3) is associated with heart failure or volume overload, not specifically valve problems.