Why must clients,who will undergo diagnostic skin tests,avoid taking antihistamine or cold preparations for at least 48 to 72 hours before testing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of diagnostic skin tests, clients are advised to avoid taking antihistamines or cold preparations prior to testing because these medications can interfere with the accuracy of the test results. The correct answer, option C, states that antihistamines may increase the potential for false-negative test results. This is because antihistamines suppress the body's immune response, which can mask the typical allergic response that the skin test is designed to detect. Option A, stating that antihistamines may increase the potential for excessive bleeding, is incorrect as antihistamines are not known to have a significant impact on bleeding. Option B, suggesting that antihistamines may aggravate the allergic reaction, is also incorrect as antihistamines are actually used to alleviate allergic symptoms. Option D, claiming that antihistamines may cause wheezing, is not relevant to the context of diagnostic skin tests. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind avoiding certain medications before diagnostic tests is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate results and proper interpretation of test outcomes. By grasping the impact of antihistamines on skin tests, healthcare providers can effectively guide their patients on pre-test preparations to optimize diagnostic accuracy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The student should not give the patient water immediately after administering oral nystatin as it can wash away the medication before it has a chance to coat the esophagus and treat the infection. The other actions are appropriate: wearing protective gear offering food choices and limiting visitors to reduce infection risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most essential nursing action to accomplish at the scheduled time is to infuse pentamidine (Pentam-300) 300 mg IV over 60 minutes (Option B). This is crucial because pentamidine is a crucial medication used in the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. Administering pentamidine as scheduled is vital to ensure the effectiveness of the drug therapy and to prevent the progression of the pneumonia. The other options are incorrect because they do not address the immediate priority of treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Administering the protease inhibitor indinavir (Option A) is important for managing HIV infection but is not the most urgent action in this situation. Swishing and swallowing nystatin (Option C) and applying acyclovir cream to oral herpes lesions (Option D) are important for managing fungal infections and herpes simplex, respectively, but they do not directly address the primary concern of treating the pneumonia in an HIV-positive patient. From an educational perspective, understanding the timing and priority of drug therapies in the treatment of specific conditions is crucial for nurses caring for patients with complex medical conditions like HIV/AIDS. This scenario highlights the importance of prioritizing care based on the patient's immediate needs and the significance of timely administration of medications to achieve optimal outcomes in patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, the best treatment is rest and fluids (Option D). Mononucleosis is a viral infection, so antibiotics (Option A) are ineffective as they only work against bacterial infections. Physical therapy (Option B) is not indicated as rest is crucial for recovery from mononucleosis. NSAIDs (Option C) may help with symptoms like fever and sore throat, but they do not treat the underlying viral infection. From an educational perspective, understanding the appropriate treatment for specific conditions is essential for healthcare providers. Mononucleosis is a self-limiting viral illness that primarily requires supportive care. Emphasizing the importance of rest and hydration in viral infections like mononucleosis helps students grasp the principles of treating viral illnesses effectively. This knowledge also promotes responsible antibiotic use, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. By explaining why certain treatments are appropriate or inappropriate for specific conditions, educators can help learners develop critical thinking skills in clinical decision-making.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Increases inflammatory responses of vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The complement system is a crucial component of the immune system that helps to enhance the inflammatory response. It works by promoting vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability (leading to edema), attracting immune cells through chemotaxis, and aiding in the process of phagocytosis to eliminate pathogens. Option A is incorrect because the complement system does not modify the inflammatory response to prevent pain; rather, it enhances the inflammatory process. Option B is incorrect as the complement system does not directly increase body temperature to destroy microorganisms. Fever is typically mediated by cytokines like interleukins. Option C is incorrect because prostaglandins and leukotrienes are produced by arachidonic acid metabolism and are not directly produced by the complement system. These substances do contribute to inflammation but are not directly produced by the complement system. Understanding the role of the complement system in inflammation is vital in pharmacology as it can help healthcare professionals comprehend how certain medications target this system to modulate immune responses in various disease states. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective treatment plans for patients with inflammatory conditions.