Why is it not accurate to refer to body fluids as 'body water'?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Body fluids consist of water and solutes dissolved in it, such as ions, proteins, and other molecules. 2. Referring to body fluids as 'body water' would not account for the presence of solutes in the fluids. 3. It is essential to acknowledge that body fluids are a combination of water and various dissolved substances. 4. By recognizing that body fluids are water plus solutes, the complexity and composition of these fluids are accurately represented. Summary of other choices: A. Incorrect. Internal body cavities are still considered part of the body, so this does not explain why 'body water' is inaccurate. B. Incorrect. Sweat is still a body fluid that contains water and solutes, so this does not address the inaccuracy in the term 'body water.' C. Incorrect. While some body fluids may contain lipids, not all body fluids are lipid-based, so this does not explain the inaccuracy of the term '

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: The body produces H+ ions through metabolic processes like nutrient breakdown and intermediary metabolism. Step 2: O2 is not a direct source of H+ production in the body. Step 3: O2 is involved in cellular respiration but does not directly generate H+ ions. Step 4: CO2 can indirectly lead to H+ production through carbonic acid formation. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C: O2, as it is not a direct source of H+ production in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin that acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output in diabetes insipidus. This medication helps to concentrate the urine and restore fluid balance in hypovolemic patients. Choice B: Benadryl is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties and is not indicated for treating diabetes insipidus. Choice C: Calcium gluconate is used to treat calcium deficiencies and has no role in managing diabetes insipidus. Choice D: Prednisone is a corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory properties and is not the appropriate treatment for diabetes insipidus. In summary, Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the correct choice as it directly targets the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus by promoting water reabsorption in the

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle weakness, lethargy, and headaches. In hyponatremia, there is a decrease in sodium levels in the blood leading to neurological symptoms. Muscle weakness is common due to altered nerve conduction, lethargy results from brain cell swelling, and headaches can occur due to cerebral edema. These symptoms align with the patient's suspected diagnosis of hyponatremia from excessive water intake. A: High urine specific gravity, tachycardia, and a weak, thready pulse - These symptoms are more indicative of dehydration rather than hyponatremia. B: Low blood pressure, dry mouth, and increased urine osmolality - These symptoms are more characteristic of hypernatremia, not hyponatremia. C: Increased hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen and seizures - These findings are not typical manifestations of hyponatremia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Muscular spasms and complaints of tingling in the hands/feet. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, causing muscular spasms and tingling sensations in the extremities. Low levels of calcium can affect nerve function, leading to these symptoms. Loss of appetite and nausea (choice A) are not typically associated with hypocalcemia. High fluid intake and copious urine output (choice C) are more indicative of conditions like diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes. Lethargy and change in level of consciousness (choice D) are more commonly seen in severe cases of hypocalcemia, which may manifest as seizures or even coma.