Why does a nurse avoid administering glycerin to a dying client?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Because glycerin tends to pull fluid from the body of the client. Glycerin is a hyperosmotic agent that works by drawing water into the intestines to stimulate bowel movements. In the context of a dying client, who may already be dehydrated or in a fragile state, administering glycerin can exacerbate fluid loss and potentially lead to further dehydration. This can worsen the client's condition and comfort level during the end-of-life care process. Option A) is incorrect because glycerin does not directly affect the heart's oxygen supply. Option B) is incorrect as the side effect described is not typically associated with glycerin administration. Option D) is also incorrect as skin breakdown is not a common adverse effect of glycerin but rather a result of prolonged pressure on the skin leading to tissue damage. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the pharmacological effects of medications and how they can impact patients, especially those who are critically ill or at the end of life. By being aware of the potential consequences of administering certain medications like glycerin in specific clinical situations, nurses can provide more appropriate and compassionate care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding standardized nursing terminologies is crucial for effective communication and documentation of patient care. In the context of the nursing process, the correct answer is B) Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). NOC specifically focuses on defining and measuring patient outcomes related to the nursing process steps, such as goal achievement and the impact of nursing interventions on patient health. By using NOC, nurses can evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions and tailor care plans to meet patient needs. The other options are not directly related to the steps of the nursing process: A) The Omaha System is a comprehensive assessment and intervention system, but it does not specifically align with the steps of the nursing process. C) Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) focuses on interventions rather than the entire nursing process. D) NANDA International: Nursing Diagnoses is essential for identifying patient problems but does not directly address the outcomes of nursing care. Educationally, understanding how standardized nursing terminologies like NOC align with the nursing process enhances a nurse's ability to provide evidence-based care, promote patient outcomes, and communicate effectively with interprofessional teams. Mastery of these terminologies is essential for safe and quality patient care in pharmacology and beyond.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Diagnosis. The mistake in the nursing process with this patient lies in the diagnosis phase. In the nursing process, diagnosis involves analyzing data to identify patient problems and risks. In this case, the nurse failed to accurately identify the patient's health issues or potential complications. Option A) Planning is incorrect because planning in the nursing process comes after the diagnosis. Once the nurse has identified patient problems, they can then plan appropriate interventions. Option C) Evaluation is incorrect because evaluation occurs after interventions have been implemented. It involves assessing the effectiveness of the care provided and making adjustments as needed. Option D) Assessment is incorrect because assessment is the first step in the nursing process where data is collected. In this case, the mistake occurred after data collection during the analysis and identification of patient issues. Educationally, understanding each phase of the nursing process is crucial for providing safe and effective patient care. Nurses must be able to accurately diagnose patient problems to develop appropriate care plans and evaluate the outcomes of their interventions. By recognizing and correcting errors in the nursing process, nurses can enhance patient outcomes and ensure high-quality care delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) He chose to smoke all of his adult life. Smoking is a major determinant of health as it is a well-known risk factor for numerous health conditions, including lung cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and more. Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing these conditions, leading to poor health outcomes. Option A) He is African American is incorrect as race alone is not a major determinant of health. While certain health disparities exist among different racial and ethnic groups, individual health behaviors and lifestyle choices play a more significant role in determining health outcomes. Option C) His father died of lung cancer at about the same age is incorrect as family history can contribute to risk factors for certain diseases, but in this case, the patient's personal choice to smoke is a more direct determinant of his health. Option D) He has a limited ability to understand and act on health information is incorrect as health literacy is important, but in this case, the patient's smoking history is a more immediate and impactful determinant of his health. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, in promoting better health outcomes. It emphasizes the role of individual choices and behaviors in shaping health and underscores the significance of health education and promotion in helping individuals make informed decisions about their health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: Personal space. Understanding personal space preferences is crucial in nursing care as different cultures have varying norms regarding physical proximity and touch. For example, some cultures may prefer more personal space during interactions, while others may be more comfortable with close proximity. Option A: Time orientation could impact nursing care by influencing perceptions of punctuality and the urgency of treatment, but it may not directly affect personal interactions and care provision as significantly as personal space preferences. Option B: Economic factors can influence a patient's access to healthcare services and medications, but in terms of cultural factors affecting nursing care, personal space is more directly related to interpersonal interactions and comfort levels. Option C: Nutrition is important in healthcare, but in the context of cultural factors, personal space plays a more significant role in shaping patient-nurse interactions. Understanding and respecting cultural differences related to personal space can enhance communication, trust, and patient comfort, ultimately improving the quality of care provided. In a healthcare team composed of individuals from different cultures, awareness of personal space preferences can help team members navigate interactions and collaboration effectively, promoting a respectful and inclusive working environment.