Why are older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases susceptible to thrombophlebitis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases are more susceptible to thrombophlebitis due to reduced mobility, which can lead to blood pooling and clot formation in the veins. Reduced mobility can result from various reasons such as age-related muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and overall frailty. This stagnant blood flow increases the risk of clot formation, especially in the lower extremities. Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the concept of reduced mobility in older adults. Choice C is incorrect as the use of IV drugs and chemicals is not directly linked to thrombophlebitis in this context. Choice D is incorrect as diet restrictions, although important for cardiovascular health, do not directly contribute to the susceptibility of thrombophlebitis in older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Teaching about non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic BP management is essential for client empowerment and adherence. 2. Education on lifestyle changes and medications helps clients make informed decisions. 3. Assessing knowledge levels enables tailored interventions for optimal BP control. Summary: A: Monitoring temperature in different positions is not directly related to assessing hypertension. C: Taking BP in multiple positions is important for orthostatic hypotension assessment, not primary hypertension evaluation. D: Weighing the client daily does not directly address hypertension assessment or management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cor pulmonale. This condition is characterized by right-sided heart failure due to lung damage, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Lung damage can result from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other lung diseases, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood through the lungs. This increased workload can eventually lead to right-sided heart failure. A: Myocardial infarction primarily affects the left side of the heart. C: Hypertension can lead to left-sided heart failure but not specifically right-sided heart failure. D: Cardiomyopathy is a broad term for diseases of the heart muscle and does not specifically predispose to right-sided heart failure due to lung damage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Janeway lesions are associated with endocarditis due to septic emboli reaching the small vessels in the palms and soles. Endocarditis causes bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves, leading to systemic emboli formation. These emboli can travel to various organs, including the skin, causing Janeway lesions. CAD (A) is not directly related to Janeway lesions. Hyperlipidemia (B) is a risk factor for CAD but not specifically associated with Janeway lesions. CHF (D) is a condition of the heart's inability to pump effectively and does not directly cause Janeway lesions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: take aspirin 81 mg/d. Aspirin is recommended for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in high-risk individuals, including females. It helps reduce the risk of blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. This action can prevent blockages in the arteries that supply the heart. Avoiding weight gain during pregnancy (A) is important for overall health but not a primary prevention specifically for coronary heart disease. Enrolling in a cardiac rehabilitation program (B) is more suitable for individuals who already have cardiovascular disease. Taking nitroglycerin (D) is used for acute relief of chest pain but is not a primary prevention strategy.