Who is responsible for establishing exposure limits for occupational chemical exposures?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) because NIOSH is specifically tasked with conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related illnesses and injuries. They establish exposure limits through rigorous scientific research and collaboration with experts in the field. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Environmental Protection Agency regulates environmental standards, not specifically occupational exposure limits. B: The Centers for Disease Control focuses on public health and disease prevention, not occupational exposure limits. C: The National Institute for Environmental Health Science focuses on environmental health research but does not set specific occupational exposure limits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it lists the three main types of health and safety program interventions: engineering, administrative, and behavioral. Engineering interventions involve modifying the workplace environment or equipment to reduce risks. Administrative interventions focus on implementing policies and procedures to manage safety. Behavioral interventions target changing employee behavior to promote safer practices. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the three main types of interventions in health and safety programs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because safety performance is influenced by the interaction of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity. Ability represents the skills and knowledge to perform safely, Motivation reflects the willingness and drive to prioritize safety, and Opportunity refers to the resources and support available to maintain a safe environment. Multiplying these factors signifies their combined effect on safety performance. Option B (Ability + Motivation + Opportunity) is incorrect as it implies a simple addition of factors, which does not capture the interconnected nature of these components. Option C (Skill + Knowledge + Ability) is incorrect as it fails to include Motivation and Opportunity, which are crucial aspects of safety performance. Option D (Skill x Knowledge x Ability) is incorrect as it focuses solely on individual attributes rather than considering the dynamic interplay of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because incentives in behaviour-based safety programs should be tied to behaviors under individual control to reinforce desired safety actions. This ensures that employees are motivated to actively engage in safe behaviors. Feedback is essential in behavior-based safety programs, so option A is incorrect. Using incentives in place of employee training (option B) is not effective as training is essential for developing safety knowledge and skills. Incentive programs should not manipulate employees' behavior (option C) but rather encourage and reward positive safety actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: developing explicit and enacted policies on safety. Senior management plays a crucial role in shaping the safety climate of an organization. By developing clear and comprehensive safety policies, they set the tone for safe practices throughout the organization. These policies provide guidelines for employees to follow, demonstrate the organization's commitment to safety, and create a framework for addressing safety concerns. Monitoring personal protective equipment (A) is important but is more of an operational task. Praising new hires for transfer of training (C) is positive reinforcement but not directly related to safety climate. Reporting employees for unsafe behavior (D) can create a culture of fear and hinder open communication about safety issues.