Who among the following individuals was involved in the discovery of anesthesia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: William Morton. He was a dentist who demonstrated the use of ether as an anesthetic in 1846. Morton's successful use of ether during a surgical procedure paved the way for the widespread adoption of anesthesia in medicine. Robert Koch is known for his work in microbiology, not anesthesia. Joseph Lister is known for pioneering antiseptic surgical techniques. Sushruta was an ancient Indian physician known for his contributions to surgery, but he did not discover anesthesia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: I'm sorry, but the correct answer provided (D: Aorta) is actually incorrect in this context. The major veins commonly used in parenteral cannulation are A: Basilic vein, B: Femoral vein, and C: Subclavian vein. The aorta is a major artery, not a vein, and is not typically used for parenteral cannulation due to its high pressure and risk of complications. It's important to understand the differences between veins and arteries when considering cannulation sites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acute respiratory failure. Tracheostomy is indicated in cases of severe respiratory compromise when the upper airway is obstructed or when long-term mechanical ventilation is needed. It ensures a patent airway and facilitates weaning from a ventilator. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as drainage of pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and infections do not typically require a tracheostomy for management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Bone marrow puncture is not indicated for analgesia but for diagnostic purposes. 2. Antibiotics may be indicated to prevent infection during the procedure. 3. Anaesthesia may be used to minimize pain and discomfort. 4. Inflammation is a condition that may necessitate bone marrow puncture for diagnosis. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it does not align with the therapeutic indications of bone marrow puncture.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in a complete spinal injury, both motor and sensory functions are lost below the level of the injury. This occurs due to the disruption of communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Choice A is incorrect as it implies that only some functions are lost, which is not the case in a complete injury. Choice B is incorrect because sensory functions are also affected in a complete spinal injury. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests that only sensory functions are lost, which is not true for a complete spinal injury.