While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5. The thorn penetrated through the sole of Joe's foot to the dermis. The epidermis has 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. As the thorn reached the dermis, it had to pass through all 5 layers of the epidermis. Therefore, the correct answer is 5. Summary: B: 2 - Incorrect, not enough layers penetrated. C: 0 - Incorrect, the thorn penetrated the epidermis. D: 4 - Incorrect, the thorn penetrated all 5 layers of the epidermis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: sebaceous gland. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands, where entire cells are released with their secretions. The sebaceous glands produce sebum by the disintegration of entire cells, a characteristic of holocrine secretion. A: Merocrine glands release secretions through exocytosis, not by disintegration of cells. B: Ceruminous glands produce earwax and are classified as modified apocrine glands. C: Apocrine glands release secretions along with a part of the cell cytoplasm, not the entire cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cutaneous membrane and accessory structures. The integumentary system consists of the cutaneous membrane (skin) and accessory structures like hair, nails, and glands. The skin is the main component responsible for protection, sensation, and temperature regulation. The accessory structures support these functions. A: epidermis and superficial fascia - The epidermis is a layer of the skin, not a component of the integumentary system. Superficial fascia is a layer of connective tissue beneath the skin. C: cutaneous membrane and hypodermis - The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer beneath the skin, not a component of the integumentary system. D: integument and hypodermis - The integument is another term for the skin, not a separate component. Hypodermis is not a component of the integumentary system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Terminal. Terminal hairs are coarse, pigmented hairs found on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes. This type of hair is fully developed and thicker compared to vellus hairs found on other areas of the body. Keratinous (A) refers to the protein that makes up hair, so it is not describing the type of hair. Follicular (C) pertains to the hair follicle itself and not the type of hair. Dense (D) does not specify the characteristics of the hair, so it is not the correct choice. Therefore, B is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: synthesis of vitamin C. The integumentary system does not synthesize vitamin C; it is produced by the liver. The integumentary system's function includes maintaining body temperature, providing sensation, and protecting underlying tissues. Vitamin C synthesis is not a function of the integumentary system as it is primarily related to the liver's metabolic processes. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it does not align with the functions of the integumentary system.