ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. Which laboratory value corresponds with the nurse's assessment findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium of 7.9 mg/dL. In renal failure, there is a disruption in calcium-phosphate balance leading to hypocalcemia. A low calcium level can cause muscle spasms, including facial muscles. Potassium (Choice A) imbalance typically presents with cardiac symptoms. Sodium (Choice C) imbalance may lead to neurological symptoms. Phosphorus (Choice D) imbalance is associated with bone and muscle weakness, not spasms.
Question 2 of 5
The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL. A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650-mL left at the end of the shift. What amount should the nurse record as the IV fluid intake for the shift?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 1150 mL. The nurse should record the total volume of IV fluid administered during the shift, which includes both the initial 800 mL in the IV container and the 350 mL (1000 mL - 650 mL) used from the new bag. Therefore, the total IV fluid intake for the shift is 800 mL + 350 mL = 1150 mL. Option A (1000 mL) is incorrect because it only accounts for the new IV bag volume, not the initial IV container volume. Option B (1050 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the volume left in the new IV bag. Option C (1100 mL) is incorrect because it only includes the initial IV container volume and not the volume used from the new bag. Only option D correctly incorporates both the initial IV container and the new bag volumes.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the buffer, the respiratory system, and the _____.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. They help maintain the body's pH within a normal range. The other choices, A: Lungs, primarily regulate carbon dioxide levels through respiration, while B: Stomach is not directly involved in acid-base balance. D: Brain does not directly participate in compensating for acid-base imbalances.
Question 4 of 5
Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. Renin is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Renin acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone, leading to increased sodium and water retention, ultimately increasing blood pressure. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because renin does not suppress angiotensin production, decrease sodium reabsorption, or inhibit aldosterone release.
Question 5 of 5
Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is typically caused by obstruction of urine flow, leading to back pressure in the kidneys. This obstruction can be due to conditions like kidney stones or tumors. Choices B and C refer to pre-renal causes that affect renal blood flow, not obstruct urine flow. Choice D refers to intrinsic renal causes, not postrenal obstruction. Hence, A is the correct answer.