While the nurse is caring for a hospitalized client in the advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease, the client begins to have a catastrophic reaction to feeding himself. Which of the following should the nurse do first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Remain calm and reassuring. In this situation, the nurse should first prioritize maintaining a calm and reassuring presence to help de-escalate the situation. Remaining calm can help prevent further agitation in the client. Restraining the client (B) could escalate the situation and should only be used as a last resort for safety. Drawing the curtains (C) may not address the immediate issue of the client's distress. Offering to feed the client (D) may be a helpful intervention, but establishing a calm environment and approach should come first.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rise slowly when sitting up from bed. This is important for clients taking doxazosin, which is an alpha-blocker used to treat high blood pressure and urinary symptoms of enlarged prostate. Doxazosin can cause orthostatic hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. Instructing the client to rise slowly helps prevent dizziness and potential falls. Choices A and B are unrelated to the medication's mechanism or side effects. Choice D, taking the medication in the morning, is not as crucial as the safety measure of rising slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: She should experience a reduction in hallucinations. Rationale: 1. First-generation antipsychotic medications are primarily used to target positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations. 2. These medications work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help reduce hallucinations. 3. Memory problems, depressive episodes, and social interactions are not directly addressed by first-generation antipsychotics. 4. Therefore, the nurse should inform the patient that the medication is likely to help reduce her hallucinations, leading to an improvement in her symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. Gambling activating the reward pathways in the brain is a scientific fact. 2. Recognizing this fact shows self-awareness and understanding of the underlying issue. 3. Acknowledging the neurological aspect of gambling addiction is crucial in therapy. 4. This awareness can lead to developing healthier coping mechanisms. 5. Understanding the brain's response to gambling can aid in breaking the addiction cycle. Summary of other choices: A. Blaming oneself as a bad person does not address the root cause of the addiction. C. Associating gambling with feeling alive does not indicate progress towards overcoming addiction. D. Dismissing Eileen's concerns and not recognizing the addiction's impact is a sign of denial and lack of progress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because extensive research supports that exercise and proper nutrition significantly improve mood symptoms. Regular exercise releases endorphins and reduces stress, leading to improved mood. Proper nutrition provides essential nutrients for brain function and mood regulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not provide evidence-based information like choice D. Choice A dismisses the importance of exercise and nutrition, choice B implies limited significance, and choice C overlooks the essential role of nutrition in mood regulation.