While the cardiac-vascular nurse preceptor is orienting a graduate nurse on the telemetry unit, a patient experiences cardiac arrest. Which action by the preceptor, during the emergency cardiac care procedure, facilitates the graduate nurse's competence and professional development?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Involving the graduate nurse in resuscitation with a basic task (e.g., compressions) builds hands-on skills and confidence in a real scenario, enhancing competence. A delays learning, B removes them from care, and C may exceed initial skill level.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Modifiable risk factors can be altered through lifestyle or treatment: smoking (Choice A) can be quit, high blood pressure (Choice B) can be managed with medication or diet, and obesity (Choice D) can be reduced through exercise and nutrition. Age (Choice C) is a non-modifiable factor, as it naturally increases cardiovascular risk over time and cannot be changed, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that anchor the atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and mitral), not the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary). The other pairings are correct: papillary muscles are in ventricles, trabeculae carneae are in ventricles, and the coronary sinus drains into the right atrium.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Capillaries have an estimated total surface area of about 7500 ft² (600-1000 m²) in humans, reflecting their vast network for exchange. Other options are either too small or exaggerated.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Net filtration pressure = hydrostatic pressure (36.6 mmHg) - osmotic pressure (28 mmHg) = 8.6 mmHg outward. At the arteriolar end, this positive pressure pushes fluid out into the interstitial space.