While taking a history of a patient with an enlarged prostate, the nurse expects the patient to report which symptom?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Waking from sleep to urinate. This symptom, known as nocturia, is common in patients with an enlarged prostate due to increased pressure on the bladder causing frequent urination at night. This is a classic sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Painful urination (choice A) is more indicative of a urinary tract infection. Blood in the urine (choice B) could suggest other conditions like bladder cancer. Incontinence throughout the day (choice D) is more commonly associated with other urinary issues such as overactive bladder or pelvic floor dysfunction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because evidence-based recommendations do not support routine screening for cervical cancer (Papanicolaou test) or breast cancer (mammogram) in asymptomatic individuals under 21. HPV test is not recommended as a standalone screening for young women. No screenings at this time aligns with current guidelines to avoid unnecessary testing and potential harm in low-risk populations. It's important to focus on preventive measures such as vaccinations and healthy lifestyle choices rather than invasive screenings for this age group.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production, which occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules contain specialized cells called Sertoli cells and spermatogonia that undergo multiple stages of cell division and maturation to form spermatozoa. Interstitial cells (A) produce testosterone, seminal vesicles (B) secrete seminal fluid, and vas deferens (D) is the duct that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra but is not the site of spermatogenesis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Sister chromatids may no longer be identical to each other. Rationale: 1. In metaphase II, sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate. 2. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. 3. Due to potential crossing over in meiosis I, sister chromatids may not be identical in meiosis II. 4. This variability contributes to genetic diversity in the resulting gametes. Summary: B: Homologous chromosomes do not line up in metaphase II; they already separated in meiosis I. C: Crossing over occurs in meiosis I, not in meiosis II. D: Homologous chromosomes start to separate in anaphase I, not metaphase II.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because milk production is indeed controlled by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin stimulates the alveoli in the breast to produce milk. Option B is incorrect because estrogen and prolactin actually work synergistically to promote lactation. Option C is incorrect as the nipple is lubricated by Montgomery glands, not sebaceous glands. Option D is incorrect because myoepithelial cell contraction helps in milk ejection, not in milk production.