While taking a client history, which factor(s) that place the client at risk for a hematologic health problem will the nurse document? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol can lead to various hematologic health problems such as anemia, bleeding disorders, and impaired immune function. Excessive alcohol intake can disrupt the production of red blood cells and platelets, leading to an increased risk of hematologic issues. Family history of military excellence (A) and family history of allergies (D) are not directly related to hematologic health problems. A diet low in iron and protein (B) can contribute to hematologic issues, but it is not as direct a risk factor as excessive alcohol consumption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. This is the most likely causative organism because the patient's presentation of fever and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is consistent with African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, which is caused by T. brucei gambiense. This parasite is transmitted by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The other choices (A, B, D) are not the correct causative organism for African trypanosomiasis and do not match the clinical presentation described in the question. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes a more acute form of African trypanosomiasis, and Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis, which typically presents with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly rather than posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Quinine and clindamycin. Quinine is recommended for pregnant women due to its safety profile in pregnancy. Clindamycin is often used in combination with quinine to treat malaria during pregnancy. A: Atovaquone and proguanil are not recommended for pregnant women due to limited safety data. B: Quinine and doxycycline should be avoided in pregnancy as doxycycline can harm the fetus. D: Primaquine is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. In summary, the combination of quinine and clindamycin is the most suitable anti-malarial drug for pregnant women due to their safety profiles and efficacy in treating malaria without harming the fetus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduction of glutathione. In the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP), NADPH is generated, which serves as a reducing agent. This NADPH is crucial for reducing oxidized glutathione back to its reduced form, maintaining cellular antioxidant defense. This process helps to protect cells from oxidative damage and maintain redox balance. Now, let's summarize why the other choices are incorrect: A: Synthesis of fatty acids - NADPH is indeed involved in fatty acid synthesis, but in the context of red blood cells, the primary role of NADPH is in reducing glutathione. C: Formation of ATP - NADPH is not directly involved in ATP synthesis. ATP is primarily produced through processes like glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. D: Removal of oxygen radicals - While NADPH indirectly contributes to the removal of oxygen radicals through its role in reducing glutathione, it is not the primary function of NAD

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and upper jejunum of the small intestine. This is where iron is absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized by the body. Absorption in the large intestine, as stated in choice A, is incorrect. Intrinsic factor, mentioned in choice B, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12, not iron. Ascorbic acid actually enhances iron absorption, so choice C is incorrect. Absorption in hereditary hemochromatosis, as in choice D, is increased due to a genetic mutation causing excessive iron absorption, not with oral iron supplements.