ATI RN
Immune System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
While studying the T- and B-cell immune suppressors, the nursing students learn that the most commonly used immune suppressant is what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) because it is the most commonly used immune suppressant for T- and B-cell suppression in various conditions like organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Cyclosporine works by inhibiting T-cell activation and cytokine production. Azathioprine (B) is primarily used for organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases but is not as commonly used as Cyclosporine. Pimecrolimus (C) is a topical immunosuppressant used for eczema treatment, not for systemic immune suppression like Cyclosporine. Glatiramer (D) is used for treating multiple sclerosis by modulating the immune response but is not the most commonly used immune suppressant overall.
Question 2 of 5
A 72-year-old male patient has arrived at the outpatient unit to receive an infusion of alemtuzumab (Compath). The patient tells the nurse this is the second time his chronic lymphocytic leukemia has relapsed and the second time he will receive this drug because he failed alemtuzumab therapy after being treated with an alkylating agent. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calling the physician and questioning the order. This is the priority action because the patient has already failed alemtuzumab therapy after being treated with an alkylating agent, indicating a history of drug resistance or potential adverse reactions. It is crucial to confirm the appropriateness of the current treatment plan to ensure patient safety and prevent any possible harm. Choice B, washing hands, is important for infection control but is not the priority in this scenario. Choice C, beginning an intravenous infusion, should not be done without confirming the order first. Choice D, canceling the infusion, is not appropriate without consulting the physician first. Overall, prioritizing patient safety and effective communication with the healthcare team is key in this situation.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient to receive immunosuppressant drugs on an outpatient basis. What is the priority for the nurse to arrange for this patient in the home environment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (C): Providing supportive care and comfort measures is the priority for the nurse preparing a patient for immunosuppressant drugs at home. This is crucial to monitor the patient's well-being, manage side effects, and ensure the patient's comfort during treatment. Supportive care includes monitoring vital signs, managing symptoms, and addressing any concerns the patient may have, which are essential for the patient's safety and well-being. Summary of incorrect choices: A: A caregiver skilled in CPR is important but not the priority. CPR may be needed in emergencies, but ensuring ongoing supportive care and comfort measures take precedence. B: Adequate nutrition is important for overall health but not the immediate priority when preparing a patient for immunosuppressant drugs. D: Having a home care nurse administer injections may be helpful, but it is not the priority. Providing supportive care and comfort measures can be managed by the patient themselves or the caregiver.
Question 4 of 5
The patient underwent an allograft renal transplant 48 hours earlier and is showing signs of rejection. What drug would the nurse expect the physician to order?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muromonab. Muromonab is a monoclonal antibody that targets T cells, suppressing the immune response and preventing rejection in organ transplant patients. It is used for acute rejection episodes. B: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist used for autoimmune diseases, not transplant rejection. C: Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressive drug used for maintenance therapy in transplant patients but not for acute rejection. D: Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor used for maintenance immunosuppression, not for acute rejection.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child requiring cyclosporine to prevent rejection. Cyclosporine is given to adults using a dosage of 15 mg/kg. The nurse calculates the child's dosage is 20 mg/kg. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Calculate the correct dosage for the child. 2. Compare the calculated dosage to the ordered dosage. 3. If the calculated dosage is higher than the ordered dosage for adults, it is within the safe range for children due to their higher metabolic rate. 4. Administering the drug is the priority as the calculated dosage is appropriate for the child's weight and condition. 5. Holding the dose or reporting the error would be unnecessary as the dosage is safe for the child. Notifying the supervisor is not required as there is no error in this case.