ATI RN
Immune System Medication Questions
Question 1 of 5
While studying for a pharmacology test, a student asks his peers about interferons. What statement about interferons is accurate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Interferons interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate. Interferons are proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. They signal nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses, inhibiting viral replication. Choice A is incorrect because interferons primarily affect viral infections, not B-lymphocyte activity. Choice B is incorrect as interferons do not target stem cells. Choice C is incorrect as interferons do not stimulate the growth and differentiation of lymphoid cells into lymphocytes; rather, they directly inhibit viral replication.
Question 2 of 5
The nursing class is studying monoclonal antibodies. What monoclonal antibody reacts to human T cells, disabling them and acting as an immune suppressor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muromonab-CD3. This monoclonal antibody reacts to human T cells by binding to the CD3 receptor, which disables the T cells and acts as an immune suppressor. Muromonab-CD3 is specifically designed to target T cells and is used in conditions where T cell activity needs to be suppressed, such as in transplant rejection. A: Adalimumab targets TNF-alpha and is used in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. B: Cetuximab targets EGFR and is used in cancer treatment. C: Rituximab targets CD20 on B cells and is used in conditions like lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. Muromonab-CD3 is the correct answer because of its specific mechanism of action on T cells, distinguishing it from the other choices that target different cell types or pathways.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an allograft transplant. The physician orders a monoclonal antibody to prevent rejection of the transplant. What monoclonal antibody would the nurse expect to be ordered?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the purpose - Monoclonal antibody for preventing transplant rejection. Step 2: Recall specific monoclonal antibodies used in transplants - Daclizumab is commonly used for this purpose. Step 3: Understand mechanism - Daclizumab targets IL-2 receptor on T-cells, inhibiting activation and preventing rejection. Step 4: Rule out other options - Alemtuzumab is used for leukemia, Erlotinib for cancer, and Omalizumab for asthma, not transplant rejection. Summary: Daclizumab is the correct choice as it specifically targets T-cell activation, unlike the other options meant for different conditions.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a female patient, aged 62, who has been admitted for treatment of metastatic melanoma. What agent would the nurse anticipate the physician is likely to order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ipilimumab. This drug is a checkpoint inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. It works by targeting and blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. Aldesleukin (A) and Interferon alfa 2b (B) are immunotherapy agents used in melanoma treatment but are not typically first-line for metastatic disease. Cyclosporine (C) is an immunosuppressive agent used in transplant patients, not for treating melanoma.
Question 5 of 5
What interleukin receptor antagonist would the nurse anticipate is most likely to be ordered for a patient, 25 years old, who has not responded to traditional antirheumatic drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anakinra (Kineret). Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist commonly used for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to traditional antirheumatic drugs. It specifically targets interleukin-1, which plays a key role in the inflammatory response seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Natalizumab (A) is used for multiple sclerosis, Eculizumab (C) for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and Adalimumab (D) for rheumatoid arthritis but targets tumor necrosis factor-alpha, not interleukin-1.