While shopping, Marnie Smith, RN, sees a man on the floor in the shopping center having tonic-clonic movements. Her first action is to

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for Marnie Smith, RN, to take when encountering a man having tonic-clonic movements in a shopping center is to place a sweater under his head (Option C). This is because protecting the patient's head is crucial during a seizure to prevent head injury. Placing a soft object such as a sweater under the head helps cushion it and prevents trauma. The other options are incorrect due to the following reasons: A) Placing a pen between the teeth and over the tongue is dangerous as it can lead to injury or obstruction of the airway during a seizure. B) Restraining the movements of the extremities is not recommended as it can cause harm to the patient and increase the risk of injury. D) Turning the patient into the prone position can also be dangerous during a seizure as it can obstruct breathing and lead to complications. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to be well-versed in the appropriate first aid measures for individuals experiencing seizures. Understanding the correct actions to take can help prevent further harm and ensure the safety and well-being of the individual until medical assistance arrives. This knowledge is crucial for all healthcare professionals, especially those working in public settings where emergencies can occur.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Six months. After joint replacement surgery, the risk of infection persists for an extended period due to the presence of foreign material in the body, such as prosthetic implants. This foreign material increases the risk of bacterial colonization and infection. Option A) Two weeks is too short a duration for the risk of infection to completely subside after joint replacement surgery. Infections can manifest even beyond this timeframe. Option B) One month is also not a sufficient duration for monitoring the risk of infection post joint replacement surgery. The risk extends beyond this period due to the nature of the surgical procedure. Option C) Three months is closer to the correct answer, but infections can still occur beyond this timeframe, especially given the presence of prosthetic material which can serve as a site for bacterial growth and subsequent infection. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to educate clients about the prolonged risk of infection post joint replacement surgery to ensure early detection and prompt treatment of any potential complications. This knowledge empowers clients to monitor their recovery effectively and seek medical attention if they experience any signs of infection, such as increased pain, swelling, redness, or drainage at the surgical site.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for clients with osteoporosis, emphasizing a diet high in calcium is essential due to the role of calcium in bone health. Calcium is a vital mineral that helps build and maintain strong bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making individuals more prone to fractures. By consuming an adequate amount of calcium, bone density can be preserved and the risk of fractures reduced. Iron is not the correct answer for osteoporosis because while iron is important for other functions in the body like oxygen transport, it does not directly impact bone health as calcium does. Similarly, zinc is important for immune function and wound healing, but it does not play a significant role in bone health. Carbohydrates provide energy but do not have a direct impact on bone strength. In an educational context, understanding the specific dietary needs for various health conditions is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals. By knowing the importance of calcium in osteoporosis management, nurses can effectively educate patients on dietary choices to support their bone health and overall well-being. This knowledge empowers patients to take an active role in managing their condition through proper nutrition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C: Applies ice and gentle massage to the patient's lower extremities. Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that involves abnormal bone remodeling, leading to soft, deformed bones that can cause pain and deformities. Ice and massage can exacerbate the condition by potentially causing microfractures in the already weakened bones, making this intervention inappropriate. Option A, administering ibuprofen, is not necessarily contraindicated in Paget's disease as it can help manage the pain associated with the condition. Option B, encouraging the patient to perform physical therapy exercises, is beneficial in maintaining mobility and function. Option D, reminding the patient to consume dairy products, is also appropriate as adequate calcium intake is crucial for maintaining bone health. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific care needs of patients with Paget's disease. It emphasizes the need for nurses to be cautious about interventions that may pose a risk of further harm to the patient. Understanding the pathophysiology of conditions like Paget's disease is essential for providing safe and effective care to patients with complex health issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) The patient complains of pressure and pain. This finding should be reported immediately because it could indicate compartment syndrome, a serious condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment compromises blood flow and can lead to tissue damage. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent long-term complications. Option B) The cast being dry and intact is a positive finding but not as urgent as the patient's complaint of pressure and pain. It indicates proper initial care of the fractures. Option C) The skin being pink and warm to touch is a good sign of adequate circulation, but it does not address the patient's complaint of pressure and pain, which takes precedence. Option D) The patient being able to move all fingers and thumb is also a positive finding but does not address the immediate concern of pressure and pain, which could signal a serious complication. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing patient assessments based on potential complications. Understanding the signs and symptoms of conditions like compartment syndrome is crucial for nurses to provide timely and appropriate care to prevent further harm to the patient. This knowledge is essential for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam and in their clinical practice to ensure patient safety and well-being.