While screening for diabetes at a community clinic, a community health nurse (CHN) found out that a new client had type 2 diabetes. The CHN then provided counselling, referred the client to an endocrinologist for initial assessment and treatment, helped with arrangements for financial assistance, arranged transportation, and booked a follow-up appointment. What role does this type of service exemplify?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case management. Case management involves coordinating and organizing services for individuals to ensure they receive comprehensive care. In this scenario, the CHN assessed the client's needs, referred them to an endocrinologist, assisted with financial aid, arranged transportation, and scheduled a follow-up appointment, all of which are key components of case management. This approach focuses on individualized care and continuity of services to address the client's needs effectively. Choice B: Client advocacy involves supporting and promoting the rights and interests of the client. While the CHN did advocate for the client by providing assistance, the primary focus was on coordinating services, making A a more fitting option. Choice C: Holistic care considers the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of an individual's health. While the services provided were comprehensive, the focus was more on coordinating and managing the client's care rather than addressing all aspects of holistic care. Choice D: Wrap-around services involve providing a range of

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adult daycare services. This option allows the older person to receive care and supervision during the day while her family members are at work, ensuring her safety and well-being. It also allows her to continue living with her family, promoting social interaction and community involvement. Summary of other choices: B: Home health care may not be suitable as it may not provide adequate supervision and social interaction during the day. C: Long-term care is not necessary if the older person can continue living with her family. D: Elder centres may not provide the necessary supervision and care during the day when the family members are at work.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses helps immigrants improve language proficiency, which is crucial for social integration, access to resources, and employment opportunities. Learning English enhances communication skills, self-confidence, and cultural adaptation. This intervention promotes independence and empowerment, fostering lasting resilience. Incorrect choices: B: Giving money may provide temporary relief but doesn't address long-term resilience. C: Identifying cheaper housing doesn't directly enhance resilience without addressing other social determinants. D: Soliciting donations may meet immediate needs but doesn't build lasting resilience without addressing skill development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Participatory action research. Community health nurses should consider this type of research when assessing culturally diverse populations because it involves active participation from the community members themselves, ensuring their perspectives and voices are heard and integrated into the research process. This approach promotes culturally sensitive and relevant findings, leading to more effective interventions and solutions. A: Meta-analysis is not suitable for directly engaging with culturally diverse populations. B: Grounded theory research focuses on developing theory from data, but it may not prioritize community involvement. D: Random control studies on the entire population may not address the specific cultural nuances and needs of diverse populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because involving communities in their health care and encouraging their participation in decisions about health care leads to better health outcomes. By engaging communities, healthcare providers can better understand the specific needs and priorities of the population, leading to more effective and tailored interventions. This approach also promotes trust, patient empowerment, and better adherence to treatment plans. A, B, and C are incorrect because solely focusing on increasing funding for new pharmaceutical interventions, further research, or technological advances does not address the importance of community involvement in improving health care outcomes. While these factors are essential, they do not directly involve the community in decision-making processes, which is crucial for sustainable and impactful healthcare improvements.