While monitoring a depressed patient who has just started SSRI antidepressant therapy, the nurse will observe for which problem during the early time frame of this therapy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Self-injury or suicidal tendencies. This is because during the early stages of SSRI antidepressant therapy, there is an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior before the full therapeutic effects are achieved. This is known as the "suicidal ideation paradox." The other options are incorrect because hypertensive crisis is not a common side effect of SSRI therapy, extrapyramidal symptoms are typically associated with antipsychotic medications, and loss of appetite is a common side effect but not specific to the early stages of SSRI therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lack of rebound congestion. Orally administered decongestants are less likely to cause rebound congestion compared to nasal sprays. This is because oral decongestants work systemically, targeting the whole body, whereas nasal sprays work locally, leading to potential rebound congestion when discontinued. Immediate onset (A) and potent effect (B) are not specific benefits of oral decongestants. Shorter duration (D) is also not a distinctive benefit of oral decongestants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oral. When a drug is administered orally, it passes through the gastrointestinal tract and then the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to the first-pass effect. This effect occurs because the liver metabolizes a portion of the drug before it reaches the bloodstream. Sublingual administration (choice A) bypasses the liver initially, reducing the first-pass effect. Intravenous (choice C) and intramuscular (choice D) routes also bypass the liver initially, thus reducing the first-pass effect compared to oral administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct definition of a toxic dose is B: The amount of substance to produce effects hazardous for an organism. This is because a toxic dose refers to the quantity of a substance that can cause harm or adverse effects to an organism. It is important to differentiate between toxic doses and other types of doses, such as therapeutic doses (choice C) which produce the desired effect without causing harm. Choices A and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe a toxic dose and are not related to the harmful effects of a substance on an organism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The anesthetic effect of short and intermediate duration agents is primarily influenced by their metabolism and distribution in the body. 2. Dopamine is not commonly used to prolong anesthesia as it primarily acts as a neurotransmitter and vasopressor. 3. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine are commonly used to prolong anesthesia due to their vasoconstrictive properties. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Dopamine) as it does not have the same vasoconstrictive effects as the other choices.