While caring for a patient who is hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis and dehydration, the pediatric nurse notes that the patient's parent keeps packets of herbs by the patient's bedside. Suspecting that the parent may be administering the herbs to the patient, the nurse's first action is to:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A: ask the parent in a nonjudgmental manner about the herbs. This is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take in this situation. As a pediatric nurse, it is crucial to establish open and respectful communication with the patient's family. By asking the parent about the herbs in a nonjudgmental manner, the nurse can gather important information regarding what the patient may be ingesting. This information is vital for assessing potential interactions between the herbs and any prescribed medications or treatments for the acute gastroenteritis and dehydration. Option B, coordinating a nursing care conference, is not the most immediate action needed in this scenario. While discussing the patient's plan of care is important, addressing the potential use of herbs takes precedence. Option C, discussing the risks of alternative therapies with the parent, is a valuable action to take; however, it may not be appropriate as the first step. Gathering information directly from the parent should come before discussing risks. Option D, referring the family to a social worker for possible nonadherence with the healthcare regimen, is premature without first understanding the parent's actions and intentions regarding the herbs. In an educational context, this scenario highlights the importance of effective communication and assessment skills in pediatric nursing. Nurses must approach sensitive topics with empathy and without judgment to ensure the safety and well-being of the pediatric patient. It also underscores the significance of addressing complementary or alternative therapies in the overall plan of care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) hypothyroidism. The rationale behind this is that hypothyroidism is not typically associated with peculiar facial anatomy, and therefore it is not considered a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea. Option A) hypotonia, Option B) developmental delay, and Option C) central adiposity are all commonly associated with peculiar facial anatomy and are indeed risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea. Hypotonia can lead to airway collapse during sleep, developmental delay can affect the development of facial structures leading to airway obstruction, and central adiposity can contribute to narrowing of the airway due to excess tissue around the neck. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those specializing in critical care or pediatrics. Recognizing these risk factors can aid in early identification and intervention to prevent complications associated with obstructive sleep apnea in children. It is important to have a comprehensive knowledge of pediatric conditions and their associated risk factors to provide optimal care and support for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric care, screening for anemia in low birth weight or premature infants is crucial due to their increased risk for this condition. The correct answer is C) 6 months. At this age, infants are more developed and have had time to establish their own iron stores, making it an appropriate time for screening. Anemia can have serious implications for a child's development and growth, so early detection is key. Option A) 2 months is too early for accurate screening as infants are still in the process of establishing their iron stores. Waiting until 6 months allows for a more reliable assessment. Option B) 4 months is also premature for anemia screening as infants may not have had sufficient time to develop adequate iron levels. Option D) 8 months is too late for the initial screening, as early detection and intervention are essential in managing anemia effectively in infants. Educationally, understanding the timing of anemia screening in low birth weight or premature infants is crucial for pediatric nurses and healthcare providers. This knowledge ensures appropriate monitoring and intervention to promote optimal health outcomes for this vulnerable population. By following evidence-based screening guidelines, healthcare professionals can contribute to the early identification and management of anemia in at-risk infants, ultimately improving their long-term health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the fetal period, various crucial developments occur in the growing fetus. The correct answer, D) 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable, is the exception among the options provided. At 26 weeks, the face is not yet clearly recognizable as facial features are still developing and becoming more defined. This is important to note as it reflects the ongoing maturation process during fetal development. Option A) 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen is correct as around the 10th week, the midgut undergoes a physiological herniation into the umbilical cord but eventually returns to the abdominal cavity as part of normal development. Option B) 12 weeks - external genitalia formed is correct as by around 12 weeks, the external genitalia have differentiated and can be visualized through ultrasound, although gender may not yet be discernible. Option C) 24 weeks - surfactant production begun is correct as surfactant production in the lungs begins around this time, crucial for proper lung function and preventing respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Understanding the timeline of fetal development is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these milestones can aid in assessing fetal growth and development, identifying any potential issues, and providing appropriate care and interventions for both the fetus and the mother.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of both the adenoids and tonsils, which can obstruct the airway during sleep, leading to breathing pauses and disrupted sleep patterns characteristic of sleep apnea. Obesity is a risk factor for sleep apnea in both children and adults, but it is not the most common cause in pediatric cases. Allergies can contribute to nasal congestion and inflammation, but they are not the primary cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux can cause swelling in the throat, but it is not as common a cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children as adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Educationally, understanding the common causes of obstructive sleep apnea in children is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing adenotonsillar hypertrophy as the primary cause helps in proper diagnosis and treatment planning, which may include surgical intervention to address the obstruction and improve sleep quality and overall health outcomes in affected children.