ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
While bathing a patient with cancer, the nurse assessed several large new bruises on the patient's upper arms and thighs. An understanding of the possible causes and the correct nurse's actions for these findings are that
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because new large bruises in a cancer patient could indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body. Reporting and recording the bruises fully is crucial for monitoring changes. Choice A is incorrect as assuming the bruises are from a fall without proper assessment can lead to overlooking a serious medical condition like DIC. Choice C is incorrect as intravascular fluid overload does not typically cause large bruises and placing the patient on strict I/O status may not address the underlying issue. Choice D is incorrect as attributing the bruises to a drug-induced seizure without proper assessment and reporting of DIC symptoms can delay necessary treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse administers medications to a client who has asthma. Which medication classification is paired correctly with its physiologic action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct as a cholinergic antagonist works by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchodilation. The parasympathetic nervous system typically causes bronchoconstriction, so inhibiting it results in dilation of the bronchi and improved airflow in asthma patients. Choice A is incorrect as bronchodilators do not stabilize mast cell membranes; they directly relax bronchial smooth muscles. Choice C is incorrect as corticosteroids work by reducing airway inflammation and suppressing the immune response, not by directly relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. Choice D is incorrect as cromones prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, rather than disrupting their production pathways.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client would the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, a 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to the impact of high blood sugar levels on blood vessels and the heart. This increases the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. The other choices do not have as direct a link to cardiovascular disease. Asthma and colorectal cancer are not primary risk factors, and while bisphosphonates can have side effects, they are not typically associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus is the client with the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease among the options provided.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has atrial fibrillation is taking digoxin the nurse expects which medication to be given concurrently to treat this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Warfarin (Coumadin). Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of blood clots, so anticoagulants like warfarin are used to prevent stroke. Warfarin helps to maintain proper blood thickness. Aspirin (B) is an antiplatelet drug, not as effective as anticoagulant in preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation. Heparin (C) is usually used for short-term anticoagulation and not as a long-term treatment for atrial fibrillation. Clopidogrel (D) is also an antiplatelet drug, not the first-line treatment for atrial fibrillation.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment finding in a patient admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) requires the most immediate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a low O2 saturation level indicates poor oxygenation, which is critical in ADHF. Step 1: Check airway patency and oxygen delivery. Step 2: Administer supplemental oxygen. Step 3: Monitor for improvement in O2 saturation. Choices B, C, and D are important but not as urgent. B: Weight gain can indicate fluid retention but not an immediate threat. C: Elevated heart rate is common in ADHF but not immediately life-threatening. D: Decreased urine output may indicate renal dysfunction, but not as urgent as addressing poor oxygenation.