While assessing an acutely ill patient's respiratory rate, the nurse assesses four normal breaths followed by an episode of apnea lasting 20 seconds. How should the nurse document this finding?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Biot's respiration. Biot's respiration is characterized by regular breathing interrupted by periods of apnea. In this scenario, the nurse observed normal breaths followed by a 20-second episode of apnea, which aligns with Biot's respiration. It is crucial to document this finding accurately to ensure appropriate care. Incorrect answers: A: Eupnea refers to normal breathing without any interruptions or irregularities. The presence of apnea in the scenario rules out eupnea. B: Apnea would be an incomplete assessment as it does not capture the alternating pattern of normal breaths and apnea observed in Biot's respiration. D: Cheyne-Stokes breathing involves a cyclical pattern of gradually increasing and decreasing breathing rates, which is not evident in the scenario described.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: P outside < P inside. This is because pressure decreases as altitude increases. At label '8', the pressure outside the object (presumably at a higher altitude) is lower than the pressure inside the object. This is due to the decrease in air pressure with increasing altitude. Choice A is incorrect because at higher altitudes, the pressure outside is lower than inside. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests the opposite relationship. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the relationship between the pressures at label '8'.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (75 percent) because under quiet conditions, the venous blood returning to the heart still contains a significant amount of oxygen due to the efficient extraction of oxygen by tissues. This oxygen extraction process typically leaves around 25 percent of oxygen in the venous blood, which is then returned to the heart. Choices A (25 percent), B (50 percent), and D (90 percent) are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the amount of oxygen retained in the blood under quiet conditions. Option A (25 percent) is the amount typically extracted by tissues, so it cannot be the correct answer. Option B (50 percent) is too high, as more oxygen is extracted by tissues. Option D (90 percent) is also too high, as it overestimates the amount of oxygen retained in venous blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: a drop in tidal volume. Severing sensory fibers from the lungs would lead to decreased feedback to the brain, resulting in less inhibition of the inspiratory center and potentially overinflation of the lungs (choice C). The Hering-Breuer reflexes, responsible for preventing lung over-inflation, would disappear (choice D). However, tidal volume is primarily controlled by the respiratory muscles and respiratory center in the brain, not solely by sensory input from the lungs. Hence, severing sensory fibers would not directly lead to a drop in tidal volume.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: pulmonary. The pulmonary circulation involves the flow of blood between the heart and the lungs. In this circulation, deoxygenated blood from the body is pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body. The other choices (B: interlobular, C: respiratory, D: bronchial) are incorrect because they do not specifically refer to the circulation responsible for oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide in the lungs. Instead, they relate to other structures or functions within the respiratory system.