While assessing a child with pyloric stenosis, the nurse is likely to note which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the manifestations of different conditions is crucial for accurate assessment and timely intervention. In the case of pyloric stenosis, the correct answer is C) Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, leading to obstruction at the gastric outlet. This obstruction causes the stomach contents to be forcefully expelled in a projectile manner shortly after feeding. Option A) Regurgitation is incorrect because regurgitation is a passive process where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus without forceful expulsion. Option B) Steatorrhea is unrelated to pyloric stenosis and refers to fatty, bulky, and foul-smelling stools, typically seen in malabsorptive conditions. Option D) Currant jelly stools is associated with intussusception, a condition where one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, leading to bloody mucus-like stools. Educationally, nurses need to be able to differentiate between various gastrointestinal conditions in pediatric patients to provide appropriate care. Understanding the specific signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis, such as projectile vomiting, helps nurses in making accurate assessments and collaborating with healthcare providers for diagnosis and treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the sensory development of neonates is crucial for providing appropriate care. The correct answer is C) Touch. Neonates have a well-developed sense of touch, which is the most highly developed sense at birth. This is important for bonding, comfort, and communication with the baby. Option A) Taste is not the most highly developed sense in neonates. While they can differentiate basic tastes, their taste buds are not as developed as their sense of touch. Option B) Smell is also developed but not as pronounced as touch. Option D) Hearing is important, but touch plays a more significant role in the initial bonding and comforting of the neonate. Educationally, it is vital for nurses to educate parents on the importance of touch in interacting with their newborn. Encouraging skin-to-skin contact, gentle massages, and responsive touch can promote bonding and overall well-being in neonates. Understanding sensory development helps parents create a nurturing environment for their baby, leading to better outcomes in terms of growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Mild fever. After a DPT immunization, infants may experience a mild fever as a normal reaction 12 to 24 hours post-vaccination. This is an expected response to the vaccine and typically resolves on its own without causing harm. Option A) Lethargy is incorrect because while some infants may experience mild discomfort or irritability post-vaccination, significant lethargy would not be a typical or expected reaction. Option C) Diarrhea is incorrect as it is not a common reaction to the DPT vaccine in infants. Diarrhea post-vaccination would not be considered a normal response. Option D) Nasal congestion is also incorrect as it is not a typical reaction to the DPT vaccine. Nasal congestion is not a common side effect associated with this particular immunization. Educationally, understanding the expected reactions to vaccines is crucial for nurses and caregivers to provide appropriate care and guidance to parents. By knowing what is normal, healthcare providers can help alleviate parental concerns and ensure the best outcomes for the child's health post-vaccination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Quest for autonomy. Toddlers around the age of 2-3 years often exhibit negativism as they strive to assert their independence and autonomy. This behavior is a normal part of their development as they start to realize they are separate individuals from their caregivers. By saying 'no' and displaying resistance, they are asserting their will and testing boundaries. Option B) Hyperactivity is incorrect because hyperactivity refers to excessive physical movement and restlessness, which is not described in the scenario provided. Option C) Separation anxiety is incorrect because while it is common in toddlers, it is usually characterized by distress when separated from primary caregivers, not necessarily by negativism or refusal to comply with requests. Option D) Sibling rivalry is incorrect as it pertains to competition or jealousy between siblings, which is not relevant to the behavior described in the scenario. Educationally, understanding normal toddler behavior is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them differentiate between typical developmental milestones and potential concerns. Recognizing that negativism can be a healthy sign of a child's growing autonomy allows nurses to provide appropriate guidance and support to both children and their families during this stage of development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Provide good examples of safety behavior. This option is the most appropriate strategy to teach a 4-year-old about safety because young children learn best through observation and imitation. By providing good examples of safety behavior, the child can see firsthand how to act safely in various situations. This method reinforces positive behavior and helps the child understand what actions are expected of them to stay safe. Option A) Show him potential dangers to avoid may overwhelm and scare the child, leading to anxiety and fear rather than constructive learning. Option B) Tell him he is bad when he does something dangerous can be damaging to the child's self-esteem and does not effectively teach them the right behavior. Option D) Show him pictures of children who have been involved in accidents can be too graphic and traumatic for a young child, potentially causing distress rather than promoting learning. In an educational context, it is important for nurses, especially those working with pediatric patients, to understand the developmental stage of the child they are teaching. Using positive reinforcement, modeling good behavior, and providing age-appropriate examples are key strategies to effectively educate young children about safety. By creating a safe and supportive learning environment, nurses can empower children to make informed choices and develop lifelong safety habits.