Which workplace condition will the occupational health nurse include when teaching factory employees about ergonomic hazards?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Repetitive motions. Occupational health nurses focus on preventing work-related injuries, including ergonomic hazards. Repetitive motions can lead to musculoskeletal disorders like carpal tunnel syndrome. This condition is common among factory workers due to repetitive tasks. Infectious agents (B) are more related to infection control, noise levels (C) are part of hearing conservation programs, and cleaning solutions (D) are more about chemical hazards, not specifically ergonomic hazards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because you do not inherit exact copies of your parents' chromosomes due to genetic recombination during meiosis. This process shuffles genetic material, creating unique combinations in each gamete. This variation results in offspring having a mix of genetic traits from both parents. Choices A and B are true statements regarding mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome inheritance, respectively. Choice C may have been an error or intentionally left blank for the purpose of this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The central dogma of genetics states that DNA directs the production of RNA, which in turn directs the production of proteins. This process is known as gene expression. First, DNA is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase. Then, the RNA is translated into proteins by ribosomes. This sequence of events is crucial for the flow of genetic information within a cell. Choice A is incorrect because it reverses the sequence of events. Choice B is incorrect because RNA does not direct the production of DNA. Choice D is incorrect because while DNA is the genetic material, it does not encompass the entire central dogma of genetics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! Mendel could look at several traits in the same cross with his plants because they exhibit clear and distinct traits that are easy to observe and manipulate. This allowed him to study inheritance patterns of multiple traits simultaneously. In contrast, it is challenging to observe and manipulate multiple traits in people due to complex genetic interactions and environmental factors. This makes it difficult to isolate and study individual traits in humans compared to plants. Therefore, the ability to study several traits in the same cross is a unique advantage that Mendel had with his plants, making option D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: At mitosis, a chromosome looks like an "X" because after DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids connected at the centromere. This structure ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material during cell division, maintaining genetic consistency. The other choices are incorrect as: A: At mitosis, chromosomes condense and are not visible as double helix strands. C: "X" does not stand for a mutation; it represents the chromatids of a replicated chromosome. D: Homologous chromosomes do not form the "X" shape; it results from sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome.