Which virus has been associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (Epstein-Barr virus) - Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to its ability to induce uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in immunocompromised individuals. EBV is known to cause PTLD in transplant recipients. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cytomegalovirus) - Although cytomegalovirus can cause complications in transplant recipients, it is not directly associated with PTLD. B (Herpes simplex virus) - Herpes simplex virus does not typically cause PTLD in transplant recipients. D (Human immunodeficiency virus) - HIV can lead to immunosuppression, but it is not directly linked to PTLD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because administering the varicella vaccine to a pregnant woman can pose risks to both the woman and the fetus. Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus. This can lead to congenital varicella syndrome, which can cause serious birth defects. Choice A is not the correct answer as fear of needles can be managed with appropriate nursing interventions. Choice B is not the correct answer because while the varicella vaccine is produced in chick embryo cell cultures, the risk of an allergic reaction in someone with a history of egg allergy is low. Choice C is not the correct answer as a history of leukemia as a child is not a contraindication to receiving the varicella vaccine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the type of vaccine to be administered is crucial for an immunocompromised child to assess its safety and efficacy. Different vaccines have varying levels of risk and efficacy for immunocompromised individuals. Choice B is not directly related to the safety or appropriateness of administering the vaccine. Choice C, while important, does not provide immediate information on the specific vaccine being administered. Choice D, although relevant, does not provide information on the specific vaccine's safety for an immunocompromised child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the patient who is pregnant. Pregnant individuals are at higher risk of complications from influenza and are recommended to receive the influenza vaccine to protect themselves and their unborn child. A: The patient taking care of her son with HIV should also receive the influenza vaccine to prevent transmission, but this alone does not make her eligible for the vaccine. C: Patients with egg allergy can receive the influenza vaccine with appropriate precautions, so this does not automatically disqualify them. D: The child who is 18 months old is eligible for the influenza vaccine, but pregnant individuals are at higher risk, hence B is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C, Interferon alfa n3 (Alferon N), because it is specifically approved for the treatment of warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Alferon N has been shown to have antiviral activity against HPV, making it the most suitable choice for injecting directly into the wart. Interferon alfa 2a (A), Interferon alfacon 1 (B), and Interferon beta 1a (D) are not specifically indicated for the treatment of warts caused by HPV, making them incorrect choices for this scenario.