ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic valve. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole. This is essential for maintaining proper blood flow direction and preventing regurgitation. The other choices, B: Mitral valve, C: Tricuspid valve, and D: Pulmonary valve, are all located in different areas of the heart and serve different functions. The mitral valve is between the left atrium and ventricle, the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and ventricle, and the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. None of these valves are responsible for preventing backflow into the left ventricle from the aorta.
Question 2 of 5
What is a blood clot that forms in a vein, often in the legs, and can cause serious complications if it travels to the lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, commonly in the legs. It can lead to serious complications if the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins near the surface of the skin, not involving deep veins. Atherosclerosis (D) is the build-up of plaque in arteries, not related to vein clot formation. Pulmonary embolism (B) is a complication of DVT, not the initial clot formation in a vein.
Question 3 of 5
This is the inflammation of the heart's inner lining, usually caused by an infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Endocarditis. Endocarditis is the inflammation of the heart's inner lining, often due to an infection. "Endo-" refers to the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and "-itis" denotes inflammation. Myocarditis (B) is inflammation of the heart muscle, pericarditis (C) is inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, and valvulitis (D) is inflammation of the heart valves. Endocarditis specifically targets the inner lining, making it the correct choice.
Question 4 of 5
What is a device that delivers a fine spray of medication into the airways?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nebulizer. A nebulizer is a device that delivers medication in the form of a fine spray into the airways, making it easier for the patient to inhale the medication and reach the lungs. It is commonly used for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. Inhalers (B) deliver medication in a different format, through a measured dose of medication in aerosol form. Oxygen concentrators (C) provide supplemental oxygen and do not deliver medication. Peak flow meters (D) are used to measure the peak expiratory flow rate and are not used to deliver medication.
Question 5 of 5
Which disease is characterized by the damage to the alveoli in the lungs, leading to breathlessness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. This disease is characterized by the destruction of alveoli, leading to breathlessness. Emphysema is typically caused by smoking, resulting in the breakdown of lung tissue and reduced oxygen exchange. Pulmonary fibrosis (B) involves scarring of lung tissue, not alveolar damage. Lung cancer (C) is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lung, not alveolar destruction. Lung abscess (D) is a localized infection in the lung, not related to alveolar damage causing breathlessness.