Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because polio, pertussis, and measles are highly infectious diseases that can have severe consequences if not prevented through vaccination. Polio can cause paralysis, pertussis can be fatal in infants, and measles can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis. Emphasizing these vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks and protect public health. Choice A is incorrect because HPV and genital herpes are sexually transmitted infections, and although important, they are not typically prevented through vaccines like polio, pertussis, and measles. Choice B is incorrect because pneumonia, HIV, and mumps, while serious diseases, do not have vaccines that are as universally recommended for prevention as polio, pertussis, and measles. Choice C is incorrect because syphilis and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted infections, and pneumonia is not typically prevented through vaccination as effectively as polio, pertussis, and measles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer anticoagulants. Anticoagulants are the primary treatment for DVT as they prevent blood clots from getting bigger and reduce the risk of new clots forming. This helps prevent complications like pulmonary embolism. Elevating the leg and applying compression (option B) can help with symptoms but do not address the underlying cause. Providing anticoagulant therapy (option C) is similar to the correct answer but lacks specificity. Applying compression stockings (option D) can help prevent complications but do not treat the existing clot.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Their sensory-perceptive abilities. Assessing sensory-perceptive abilities is crucial in older adults as sensory impairments can mimic signs of mental health issues. By assessing sensory functions first, the nurse can rule out any physical factors influencing the assessment. Phobias (A) and irrational thinking patterns (C) are psychological aspects that come after ruling out sensory issues. General intelligence (B) may not be the priority as cognitive decline can be affected by sensory impairments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer fluids. In hypovolemic shock, the primary issue is a lack of circulating blood volume. Administering fluids helps to restore blood volume and improve perfusion to vital organs, addressing the underlying cause of shock. Vasopressors (B) are used in distributive shock, sodium bicarbonate (C) is used for metabolic acidosis, and corticosteroids (D) are typically not indicated in hypovolemic shock. Administering fluids is the most important intervention to stabilize the client's condition in hypovolemic shock.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct intervention for hyperkalemia is to administer insulin (Choice C). Insulin drives potassium into cells, lowering serum potassium levels. This is effective in acutely reducing high potassium levels. Administering calcium gluconate (Choice A) is used for stabilizing cardiac membranes in hyperkalemia but does not lower potassium levels. Sodium bicarbonate (Choice B) is used for metabolic acidosis, not hyperkalemia. Furosemide (Choice D) is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss but is not the primary intervention for hyperkalemia.