Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing clients?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In interpersonal theory, a nurse should associate the underlying concept of the effects of social processes on personality development when assessing clients. This theory emphasizes how social interactions and relationships shape an individual's personal development and behavior. By understanding how these social processes influence a person's experiences and perceptions, a nurse can gain valuable insights into the client's needs and challenges. This, in turn, enables the nurse to provide more holistic and effective care tailored to the client's specific circumstances and interpersonal dynamics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the trust versus mistrust stage occurs during infancy (first year of life). This stage is focused on developing trust in caregivers and the world. If a person struggles with trust-related issues later in life, it may indicate a lack of successful resolution of the trust versus mistrust stage during infancy. In this scenario, the client's difficulty trusting people at age 29 suggests a stagnation or regression in development, specifically related to trust. This interpretation aligns with the idea that unresolved issues from earlier stages can impact functioning in later stages.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations, the foundation of effective nursing care is the establishment of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. This relationship is essential for addressing client symptoms because it provides a supportive and trusting environment for the client to open up, express their feelings, and work collaboratively with the nurse towards healing and resolution. By establishing a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, trust, and understanding, the nurse can better assess the client's needs, provide appropriate care, and assist the client in managing their symptoms effectively. This approach also enhances communication, promotes client engagement in their own care, and fosters a sense of empowerment and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Personality encompasses a broad and complex combination of individual characteristics, behaviors, and emotional patterns that shape how individuals interact with and adapt to their environment. It is influenced by genetic, environmental, cultural, and situational factors. Various theorists, such as Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Carl Jung, have proposed different theories on the stages of personality development, highlighting the structured and progressive nature of personality formation. While personality traits may exhibit variability and flexibility, the overall development of personality is seen as a cohesive and continuous process rather than sporadic or erratic. By incorporating the aspects mentioned in choices A, B, and D, a comprehensive definition of personality is provided that accounts for its multidimensional nature and the dynamics involved in its formation and expression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Psychoimmunology is the study of the interactions between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems. In this case, the client's diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, which is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, following the traumatic loss of her husband and children suggests a potential connection between her emotional state and physical health. Research in psychoimmunology has shown that prolonged stress or traumatic events can have a negative impact on the immune system, leading to an increased susceptibility to various health issues, such as autoimmune diseases like ulcerative colitis. Thus, the situation described aligns with the principles and findings of psychoimmunology.