Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Middle range theory. Middle range theories are more specific and applicable to everyday nursing practice compared to grand theories, which are broad and abstract. Developmental theory focuses on human growth and behavior, not specifically nursing practice. Values theory pertains to ethical values and principles, but may not directly guide nursing practice. Therefore, middle range theory is most commonly used in present nursing practice for its practical and relevant applications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the increase in the number of minimally invasive procedures being performed for disease treatment. This is because advancements in medical technology have led to a shift towards less invasive procedures, impacting how nursing care is delivered. Minimally invasive procedures often require specialized care and monitoring, necessitating changes in nursing practice. Choice B is incorrect as care provided for patients over an extended period in acute care settings is not a significant factor driving dramatic changes in nursing care delivery over the next 20 years. This scenario is more related to the current healthcare system rather than future changes. Choice C is incorrect as the reduction in the number of nurses and healthcare professionals available to provide care is unlikely to be a driving force for dramatic changes. In fact, efforts are being made to address the nursing shortage through various initiatives. Choice D is incorrect as widespread illiteracy and decreased self-efficacy of the aging patient population, while important considerations for nursing care, are not the primary factors driving dramatic changes in

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because interviews are a common and effective method in qualitative research to gather in-depth insights and descriptions of complex phenomena. Interviews help researchers understand participants' perspectives and experiences, allowing for a rich and nuanced exploration of the research topic. In contrast, options A, B, and C are incorrect because qualitative research can still be time-consuming, does not require large sample sizes for statistical significance, and focuses on in-depth understanding rather than generalizability to a larger population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: moving. In Lewin's change management model, the process involves three stages: unfreeze, move, and refreeze. In this scenario, the hospital has already identified the need for change (unfreeze) by recognizing the issue with patient satisfaction scores. The change agent's recommendations and the implementation of interdisciplinary walking rounds and involving patients and families in rounds indicate the active phase of making changes and transitioning to new practices (moving). The actions taken, such as rounding every shift, updating the team through huddles, monitoring nurse participation, and interviewing patients, all demonstrate movement towards the desired change. Refreeze would come after the changes have been successfully implemented to stabilize and institutionalize the new practices. The options A (unfreeze) and C (refreeze) are incorrect as the hospital is currently in the implementation phase of change, and option D (resistance) does not apply as there is no indication of significant resistance to the proposed changes in the scenario provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: negligence. Negligence refers to a failure to provide the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have provided in a similar situation, resulting in harm to the client. In this scenario, the nurse failed to ensure the safety of the client by leaving them unattended on an examining table, leading to the client falling and sustaining injuries. This breach of duty to provide proper care and supervision constitutes negligence. Choice A (invasion of privacy) is incorrect because it does not relate to the nurse's failure to provide proper care and supervision. Choice B (libel) and Choice C (slander) are also incorrect as they pertain to defamation, which is not applicable in this situation. The nurse's actions primarily reflect negligence due to the failure to provide adequate supervision, resulting in harm to the client.