Which type of test is used for urine density?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Specific gravity test. This test measures the concentration of solutes in urine, indicating the urine density. Specific gravity reflects the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine. The pH test (B) measures acidity, not density. Glucose test (C) is for detecting sugar levels, not density. Occult blood test (D) is used to detect hidden blood in urine, not density. Therefore, specific gravity test is the appropriate choice for measuring urine density.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition where the bronchi become permanently dilated due to chronic inflammation and infection. This leads to the destruction of the bronchial walls. Rationale: 1. Bronchiectasis specifically refers to permanent dilation of bronchi. 2. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchi but does not result in permanent dilation. 3. Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and bronchoconstriction. 4. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs, not a condition causing permanent bronchial dilation. Summary: Bronchiectasis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the permanent dilation of bronchi, distinguishing it from the other choices which involve different mechanisms and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between periods of mania and depression. This type of depression involves extreme shifts in mood and energy levels. Delirium (A) is a state of confusion and disorientation. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (C) is an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Hemianopsia (D) is a visual impairment where half of the visual field is lost. Bipolar disorder is the only choice related to mood swings, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased appetite. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism and energy expenditure. This increased metabolic rate often results in an increased appetite as the body requires more fuel to sustain this heightened activity level. Reduced perspiration (A), weight gain (B), and slowed pulse (C) are not typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Reduced perspiration is not directly related to thyroid function, weight gain is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, and a slowed pulse is usually indicative of a lower metabolic rate, which is the opposite of what occurs in hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Foot drop. Weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles results in foot drop, causing difficulty in lifting the front part of the foot. This occurs due to damage to the peroneal nerve or muscles in the lower leg. Pronation (A) and supination (B) refer to movements of the foot and ankle, not weakness. Phlebitis (D) is inflammation of a vein, unrelated to muscle weakness in the feet and ankles.