ATI RN
Burns Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is characterized by a severe, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can occur in response to allergens such as certain drugs or latex. During anaphylactic shock, the body releases large amounts of histamine and other inflammatory substances, leading to widespread vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and increased capillary permeability. This results in a rapid drop in blood pressure, decreased perfusion to vital organs, and potential life-threatening symptoms such as difficulty breathing and cardiovascular collapse. Immediate treatment with epinephrine and supportive measures such as intravenous fluids is crucial in managing anaphylactic shock.
Question 2 of 5
A college student goes to the college clinic and asks the best way to avoid contracting an STD. The nurse provides the clinic's standard STD teaching. Which statement by the student indicates the need for additional instruction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement "If I question my partner about past sexual encounters, I can avoid STDs" indicates a need for additional instruction. While communication with a partner about sexual history is important, relying solely on questioning a partner is not a foolproof method of avoiding STDs. Some individuals may not disclose their complete sexual history or may be unaware that they have an STD. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of using protection such as condoms consistently and correctly, getting tested regularly, and practicing safe sex in general.
Question 3 of 5
The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by all of the following mechanisms except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance through several mechanisms, including excreting hydrogen ions (H+), reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate (HCO3-) into the blood, and retaining or excreting hydrogen ions. However, the kidneys do not play a direct role in reabsorbing carbon dioxide into the blood. Carbon dioxide is mainly managed in the body through the respiratory system, where it is exhaled as a waste product of metabolism.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that the shift of body fluids associated with the intravenous administration of albumin occurs by the process of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the process by which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane to equalize concentrations on both sides of the membrane. When albumin is administered intravenously, it creates an osmotic pressure in the bloodstream that draws water from the interstitial space into the blood vessels. This shift of body fluids associated with the intravenous administration of albumin occurs through the process of osmosis.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the ff values pertaining to different clients shows the normal range of plasma pH?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal range of plasma pH in the human body typically falls between 7.35 and 7.45. This range is necessary to maintain the body's acid-base balance, which is crucial for normal physiological functioning. Deviations from this range can indicate acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45), both of which can have serious health implications. Therefore, option A (7.35-7.45) represents the normal range of plasma pH among different clients.