Which type of prevention is exemplified by the administration of vaccines to promote child and adolescent health?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This is because administering vaccines aims to prevent the occurrence of diseases in the first place, which is the primary goal of primary prevention. Vaccines help to build immunity and protect children and adolescents from infectious diseases. B: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. C: Tertiary prevention involves managing and reducing the impact of an already existing disease to prevent complications. D: While vaccines can contribute to both primary and secondary prevention indirectly, the main goal of vaccination is to prevent the initial occurrence of diseases, making A the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk reduction activities. In a health risk appraisal, the CHN assesses factors contributing to health risks and develops strategies to reduce these risks. This includes identifying potential health hazards, vulnerabilities, and behaviors that may lead to health problems. Choice A, health promotion activities, focuses on promoting healthy behaviors rather than specifically assessing risks. Choice B, illness prevention activities, aims to prevent illnesses but doesn't necessarily assess overall health risks. Choice D, unhealthy events, is too broad and doesn't capture the comprehensive assessment of risks that a health risk appraisal entails.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices aligns with the advocate role of a community health nurse. Advocacy involves promoting and supporting policies that benefit communities. Organizing home care (choice A) is more aligned with the caregiver role. Prenatal assessments (choice C) and facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation (choice D) are more focused on direct patient care rather than advocating for broader community needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Spirometry testing by the OHN aims to detect early signs of respiratory issues in employees exposed to hazardous gases, preventing further health deterioration. This falls under secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of the disease. Primary prevention (A) focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, while tertiary prevention (C) and tertiary care (D) are aimed at managing and treating existing health conditions. Conducting spirometry testing aligns with the goal of secondary prevention, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Current research findings. Research findings provide evidence-based information that is supported by rigorous scientific methods, ensuring credibility and accuracy. By using current research, the health care provider can make informed decisions based on the most up-to-date and relevant information. Published protocols (A) may be valuable, but they can become outdated and may not always reflect the latest evidence. Colleagues' opinions (C) are subjective and may not be based on scientific evidence. Media reports (D) can be sensationalized and often lack the depth and accuracy required for evidence-informed practice.